如何在Python和BS4中正确地获取数据？

Question

这是所需的输出。包含两行的CSV文件：

1639, 06/05/17, 08,09,16,26,37,50
1639, 06/05/17, 13,28,32,33,37,38

今天，我只有这个，但是使用VBA Excel代码来清理/组织数据：

^{pr2}$

print screen

在第一行'1639，06/05/17'来自Resultado <span>Concurso 1639 (06/05/2017)</span>，而'08,09,16,26,37,50'来自下面提供的标记：

^{3}$

在第二行，我们可以从第1行复制“1639，06/05/17”，而“13,28,32,33,37,38”则来自另一个标记：

<ul class="numbers dupla-sena">
<h6>2º sorteio</h6>
<li>13</li><li>28</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>37</li><li>38</li>
</ul>  

以下是我的代码：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup 

url = 'http://loterias.caixa.gov.br/wps/portal/loterias/landing/duplasena/'

r = requests.get(url)
ltr = soup(r.text, "xml")
ltr.findAll("div",{"class":"content-section section-text with-box no-margin-bottom"})

filename = "ds_1640.csv"
f=open(filename,"w")

使用下面的命令，我想我可以得到所有我想要的，但我不知道如何提取我需要的数据：

ltr.findAll("div",{"class":"content-section section-text with-box no-margin-bottom"})

所以，我尝试了另一种方法来捕捉“1ºsortio da dupla sena”中的值

print('-----------------dupla-sena 1º sorteio-----------------------------')
d1 = ltr.findAll("ul",{"class":"numbers dupla-sena"})[0].text.strip()
print(ltr.findAll("ul",{"class":"numbers dupla-sena"})[0].text.strip())

输出1

1º sorteio
080916263750

分开两位数

d1 = '0'+ d1 if len(d1)%2 else d1    
gi = [iter(d1)]*2   
r = [''.join(dz1) for dz1 in zip(*gi)]
d3=",".join(r)

结果呢

08,09,16,26,37,50

第二次提取也是如此

print('-----------------dupla-sena 2º sorteio-----------------------------')
dd1 = ltr.findAll("ul",{"class":"numbers dupla-sena"})[1].text.strip()
print(ltr.findAll("ul",{"class":"numbers dupla-sena"})[1].text.strip())

输出2

2º sorteio
132832333738

分开两位数

dd1 = '0'+ dd1 if len(dd1)%2 else dd1    
gi = [iter(dd1)]*2    
r1 = [''.join(ddz1) for ddz1 in zip(*gi)]    
dd3=",".join(r1)

然后我们有了

13,28,32,33,37,38

将数据保存到csv文件

f.write(d3 + ',' + dd3 +'\n')
f.close()

输出：当前目录中的csv文件：

01,º ,so,rt,ei,o
,08,09,16,26,37,50,02,º ,so,rt,ei,o
,13,28,32,33,37,38

我可以使用上面的方法/输出，但是我必须使用VBA excel来处理这些混乱的数据，但是我尽量避免使用VBA代码。实际上，我对学习Python更感兴趣，并且越来越多地使用这个强大的工具。 通过这个解决方案，我只实现了我想要的一部分，那就是：

^{pr2}$

但是，正如我们所知，期望的输出是：

1639, 06/05/17, 08,09,16,26,37,50
1639, 06/05/17, 13,28,32,33,37,38

我在macosxyosemite（10.10.5）中使用python3.6.1（v3.6.1:），Jupyter笔记本电脑。在

我怎么才能做到呢？我不知道如何提取“1639，06/05/17”并将其放入csv文件，有没有更好的方法来提取这六个数字（08,09,16,26,37,50和13,28,32,33,37,38），并且不使用下面的代码，也不使用vba？在

要分开两位数字：

d1 = '0'+ d1 if len(d1)%2 else d1
gi = [iter(d1)]*2
r = [''.join(dz1) for dz1 in zip(*gi)]

更新的问题

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  
import re
import csv

url = 'http://loterias.caixa.gov.br/wps/portal/loterias/landing/duplasena/'

r = requests.get(url)

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "lxml")  ## "lxml" to avoid the warning

pat = re.compile(r'(?i)(?<=concurso)\s*(?P<concurso>\d+)\s*\((?P<data>.+?)(?=\))')
concurso_e_data = soup.find(id='resultados').h2.span.text
match = pat.search(concurso_e_data)


# first I would do the above part differently seeing as how you want the end data to look
if match:
    concurso, data = match.groups()
    nums = soup.find_all("ul", {"class": "numbers dupla-sena"})
    num_headers = (','.join(['numero%d']*6) % tuple(range(1,7))).split(',')
    # unpack numheaders into field names
    field_names = ['sena', 'data', *num_headers]
    # above gives you this
    # field_names = [
    #    'sena',               ## I've changed "seria"for "sena"
    #    'data',
    #    'numero1',
    #    'numero2',
    #    'numero3',
    #    'numero4',
    #    'numero5',
    #    'numero6',
    # ]


rows = []
# then add the numbers
# nums is all the `ul` list elements contains the drawing numbers
for group in nums:
    # start each row with the shared concurso, data elements
    row = [concurso, data]
    # for each `ul` get all the `li` elements containing the individual number
    for num in group.findAll('li'):
        # add each number
        row.append(int(num.text))
    # get [('sena', '1234'), ('data', '12/13'2017'),...]
    row_title_value_pairs = zip(field_names, row)
    # turn into dict {'sena': '1234', 'data': '12/13/2017', ...}
    row_dict = dict(row_title_value_pairs)
    rows.append(row_dict)


    # so now rows looks like: [{
    #   'sena': '1234', 
    #   'data': '12/13/2017', 
    #   'numero1': 1, 
    #   'numero2': 2, 
    #   'numero3': 3, 
    #   'numero4': 4, 
    #   'numero5': 5, 
    #   'numero6': 6
    #   }, ...]



    with open('file_v5.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
        csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(
            csvfile,
            fieldnames=field_names,
            dialect='excel',
            extrasaction='ignore', # drop extra fields if not in field_names not necessary but just in case
            quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC  # quote anything thats not a number, again just in case
        )
        csv_writer.writeheader()
        for row in rows:
            csv_writer.writerow(row_dict)         

输出

^{pr21}$

更新问题2

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  
import re
import csv

url = 'http://loterias.caixa.gov.br/wps/portal/loterias/landing/duplasena/'

r = requests.get(url)

soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "lxml")  ## "lxml" to avoid the warning

pat = re.compile(r'(?i)(?<=concurso)\s*(?P<concurso>\d+)\s*\((?P<data>.+?)(?=\))')
concurso_e_data = soup.find(id='resultados').h2.span.text
match = pat.search(concurso_e_data)

# everything should be indented under this block since 
# if there is no match then none of the below code should run
if match:  
    concurso, data = match.groups()
    nums = soup.find_all("ul", {"class": "numbers dupla-sena"})
    num_headers = (','.join(['numero%d']*6) % tuple(range(1,7))).split(',')
    field_names = ['sena', 'data', *num_headers]

    # PROBLEM 1
    # all this should be indented into the `if match:` block above
    # none of this should run if there is no match
    # you cannot build the rows without the match for sena and data
    # Let's add some print statements to see whats going on
    rows = []
    for group in nums:
        # here each group is a full `sena` row from the site
        print('Pulling sena: ', group.text)
        row = [concurso, data]
        print('Adding concurso + data to row: ', row)
        for num in group.findAll('li'):
            row.append(int(num.text))
            print('Adding {} to row.'.format(num))
        print('Row complete: ', row)
        row_title_value_pairs = zip(field_names, row)
        print('Transform row to header, value pairs: ', row_title_value_pairs)
        row_dict = dict(row_title_value_pairs)
        print('Row dictionary: ', row_dict)
        rows.append(row_dict)
        print('Rows: ', rows)

    # PROBLEM 2
    # It would seem that you've confused this section when switching
    # out the original list comprehension with the more explicit 
    # for loop in building the rows.

# The below block should be indented to this level.
# Still under the `if match:`, but out of the the 
# `for group in nums:` above

    # the below block loops over rows, but you are still building
    # the rows in the for loop
    # you are effectively double looping over the values in `row`


    with open('ds_v4_copy5.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
        csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(
        csvfile,
        fieldnames=field_names,
        dialect='excel',
        extrasaction='ignore', # drop extra fields if not in field_names not necessary but just in case
        quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC  # quote anything thats not a number, again just in case
        )
        csv_writer.writeheader()
        # this is where you are looping extra because this block is in the `for` loop mentioned in my above notes
        #for row in rows:  ### I tried here to avoid the looping extra
            #print('Adding row to CSV: ', row)
        csv_writer.writerow(row_dict)

我想我是按照你的指示做的。但到目前为止：

"sena","data","numero1","numero2","numero3","numero4","numero5","numero6"
"1643","16/05/2017",3,4,9,19,21,26  #which is "1º sorteio"

仍然缺少“2ºsorteio”。我知道我做错了什么，因为“1ºsorteio”和“2ºsorteio”都在：

print(rows[0]) --> {'sena': '1643', 'data': '16/05/2017', 'numero1': 1, 'numero2': 21, 'numero3': 22, 'numero4': 43, 'numero5': 47, 'numero6': 50} 

 print(rows[1]) --> {'sena': '1643', 'data': '16/05/2017', 'numero1': 3, 'numero2': 4, 'numero3': 9, 'numero4': 19, 'numero5': 21, 'numero6': 26}

但是，当我试图在csv中存储“行”的内容时（只有行[0]出现在“行”dict中，我正试图找出如何包括丢失的行。也许我错了，但我认为“1ºsorteio”和“2ºsorteio”都应该包含在row甪dict中，但是代码并不能确认它（这只是猜测）：

print(row_dict)
{'sena': '1643', 'data': '16/05/2017', 'numero1': 3, 'numero2': 4, 'numero3': 9, 'numero4': 19, 'numero5': 21, 'numero6': 26}

我看不出我做错了什么。我知道回答这个问题要花很多时间，但在这个过程中我和你一起学到了很多东西。并且已经使用了我和您一起学习的几个工具（re，concepts，dict，zip）。在

Answer 1

（代表运营商发布）。在

在你的帮助下，我们到了！输出我需要的方式！我已将输出更改为：

sena;data;numero1;numero2;numero3;numero4;numero5;numero6
1644;18/05/2017;4;6;31;39;47;49
1644;18/05/2017;20;37;44;45;46;50

因此，根据他们对Excel中“，”和“；”的关注，我决定将","改为{}在Excel中打开列，没有任何问题。在

^{pr2}$