在Python中基于较小的数据集生成更大的合成数据集

Question

我有一个包含21000行（数据样本）和102列（特性）的数据集。我希望在当前数据集的基础上生成一个更大的合成数据集，比如100000行，这样我就可以将它用于机器学习目的。在

在这篇文章https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/215938/generate-synthetic-data-to-match-sample-data中，我一直在引用@Prashant的答案，但无法让它为我的数据生成更大的合成数据集。在

import numpy as np
from random import randrange, choice
from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors
import pandas as pd
#referring to https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/215938/generate-synthetic-data-to-match-sample-data


df = pd.read_pickle('df_saved.pkl')
df = df.iloc[:,:-1] # this gives me df, the final Dataframe which I would like to generate a larger dataset based on. This is the smaller Dataframe with 21000x102 dimensions.


def SMOTE(T, N, k):
# """
# Returns (N/100) * n_minority_samples synthetic minority samples.
#
# Parameters
# ----------
# T : array-like, shape = [n_minority_samples, n_features]
#     Holds the minority samples
# N : percetange of new synthetic samples:
#     n_synthetic_samples = N/100 * n_minority_samples. Can be < 100.
# k : int. Number of nearest neighbours.
#
# Returns
# -------
# S : array, shape = [(N/100) * n_minority_samples, n_features]
# """
    n_minority_samples, n_features = T.shape

    if N < 100:
       #create synthetic samples only for a subset of T.
       #TODO: select random minortiy samples
       N = 100
       pass

    if (N % 100) != 0:
       raise ValueError("N must be < 100 or multiple of 100")

    N = N/100
    n_synthetic_samples = N * n_minority_samples
    n_synthetic_samples = int(n_synthetic_samples)
    n_features = int(n_features)
    S = np.zeros(shape=(n_synthetic_samples, n_features))

    #Learn nearest neighbours
    neigh = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors = k)
    neigh.fit(T)

    #Calculate synthetic samples
    for i in range(n_minority_samples):
       nn = neigh.kneighbors(T[i], return_distance=False)
       for n in range(N):
          nn_index = choice(nn[0])
          #NOTE: nn includes T[i], we don't want to select it
          while nn_index == i:
             nn_index = choice(nn[0])

          dif = T[nn_index] - T[i]
          gap = np.random.random()
          S[n + i * N, :] = T[i,:] + gap * dif[:]

    return S

df = df.to_numpy()
new_data = SMOTE(df,50,10) # this is where I call the function and expect new_data to be generated with larger number of samples than original df.

我得到的错误的回溯被提到了以下：在

^{pr2}$

我知道这个错误（应该是2D数组，得到1D数组）发生在nn = neigh.kneighbors(T[i], return_distance=False)行。确切地说，当我调用函数时，T是shape的numpy数组（21000x102），我的数据从Pandas数据帧转换为numpy数组。我知道这个问题可能有一些类似的重复，但没有一个回答我的问题。如能在这方面提供任何帮助，我们将不胜感激。在

Answer 1

我也有同样的问题。我研究了一段时间，但找不到合适的解决方案，于是我尝试应用我自己的解决方案来解决这个问题。它帮助了我，我希望它能对所有有同样问题的人起作用。在

columns = df.columns.to_numpy()
iteration_count = 30
new_df = pd.DataFrame(columns=columns)

for i in range(iteration_count):
    for k in df.iterrows():
        data_obj = {}
        for j in range(columns.size):
            random_index = np.random.randint(0,13, dtype='int')
            data_obj[columns[j]] = df.loc[random_index][columns[j]]
        new_df = new_df.append(data_obj, ignore_index=True)

df = df.append(new_df, ignore_index=True)

Answer 2

可能对你有用

SMOTE and other advanced over_sampling techniques

这个包imblearn具有类似sklearn的API和许多过采样技术。在

Answer 3

所以T[i]给出的是一个形状为（102，）的数组。在

函数期望的是一个形状为（1102）的数组。在

您可以通过调用“重塑”来获得：

nn = neigh.kneighbors(T[i].reshape(1, -1), return_distance=False)

以防你不熟悉np.重塑，1表示第一个维度的大小应该是1，而-1表示第二个维度应该是任何大小的numpy可以将其广播到的内容；在本例中，是原始的102。在