在Ubuntu 18.04上安装mysqlclient for python时出错

Question

我在Ubuntu上安装了Python2.7.15rci和Python3.6.7。当我在virtualenv上执行“pip列表”时，它会返回我：

Django (2.1.5)
pip (9.0.1)
pkg-resources (0.0.0)
pytz (2018.9)
setuptools (39.0.1)
wheel (0.32.3)

我正在尝试安装mysqlclient（pip安装mysqlclient）并返回一个错误

  unable to execute 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc': No such file or directory
  error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
  Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /home/david/env/project/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-pq18uxjj/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-y28h4ou0-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/david/env/project/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient:
    /usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/dist.py:261: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,4,1,'final',0) -D__version__=1.4.1 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/home/david/env/project/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.o
    unable to execute 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc': No such file or directory
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/home/david/env/project/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-pq18uxjj/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-y28h4ou0-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/david/env/project/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-pq18uxjj/mysqlclient/

因此，我尝试了不同的方法，如：

sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

还有一些。。。但没有一个适合我，问题依然存在。 有什么建议吗

谢谢大家!

Answer 1

gcc是build-essential软件包的一部分，您应该先安装该软件包，然后再安装其他软件包：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

更新：根据@bosnjak的建议，您可能还需要安装openssl开发工具：

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

Answer 2

我发现，几乎每个Python版本的解决方案都略有不同。对于那些使用不同版本（如Python 2.x、3.5或3.7）的人，我发现this：

第一部分

对于Python 2.x，请使用：

  $ sudo apt-get install python-dev

对于Python 2.7，请使用：

  $ sudo apt-get install libffi-dev

对于Python 3.x使用：

  $ sudo apt-get install python3-dev

对于Python 3.4，请使用：

  $ sudo apt-get install python3.4-dev

对于Python 3.7，请使用：

  $ sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

对于Python 3.8，请使用：

  $ sudo apt-get install python3.8-dev

对于Python 3.9，请使用：

  $ sudo apt-get install python3.9-dev

第二部分

如果这仍然没有帮助，others已经指出要安装

  $ sudo apt-get install build-essential

最后

  $ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

但最后两个并没有帮助我自己-但希望这可能会帮助你

Answer 3

我指定了python的特定版本，它是3.7 这对我很有帮助

我已经安装了这些：

sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev libmysqlclient-dev

然后通过以下方式安装mysqlclient：

pip install mysqlclient