从嵌套字典中访问值
我正在尝试创建一个列表，里面包含输入的内容和它们对应的值，这些值是从一个全局的嵌套字典中获取的。以下是我的代码：
import sys
param_values = {
'vowels':{
'aa' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'ae' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'ah' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'ao' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.2,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'eh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'er' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.15,0.7), (-1,-1)],
'ey' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.5), (-1,-1)],
'ih' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'iy' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.2,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'uh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0)],
'uw' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0)],
'o' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.4,1.0)]
},
'consonants':{
'b' : [(-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'ch' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'd' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'dh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.35), (-1,-1)],
'dx' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.35), (-1,-1)],
'f' : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1)],
'g' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'hh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'jh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'k' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'l' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'm' : [(-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'n' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'ng' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'p' : [(-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'r' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
's' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'sh' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
't' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'th' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'v' : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1)],
'w' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0)],
'y' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.6), (-1,-1)],
'z' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'zh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.6), (-1,-1)]
}
}
diphthong = {
'aw' : ['ao' , 'uw'],
'ay' : ['ao' , 'ih'],
'ow' : ['o' , 'aa'],
'oy' : ['o' , 'ih']
}
print "Usage :python co.py phonemeFile"
def coart(phonemeFile):
""" Function for generating parameter values from the global list """
phonemeList = []
with open("syllabifiedPhonemes.txt", "r") as pFile :
for line in pFile :
l = line.split()
for phoneme in l :
next_phoneme = diphthong.get(phoneme)
if next_phoneme is None :
# exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
# iterate over each nested dict
for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group
phonemeList.append((phones, param_values.get(param_values[group][phones])))
else :
for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group
phonemeList.extend([(phones, param_values.get(param_values[group][phones])) for phoneme in next_phoneme])
print "New List"
print '\n'.join(str(l) for l in phonemeList)
输入文件 syllabifiedPhonemes.txt 的内容如下：
s aa ' m ih ' k l eh k ' t aa ' n ih t ' g eh l ' v ae ' n ih ' k aa ' p l ay k
我觉得 if-else 语句写得不对。于是我遇到了以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "co.py", line 189, in <module>
coart("syllabifiedPhonemes.txt")
File "co.py", line 160, in coart
phonemeList.append((phones, param_values.get(param_values[group][phones])))
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
我把 if-else 语句改成了下面这样，错误消除了。
if next_phoneme is None :
# exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
# iterate over each nested dict
for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group
phonemeList.append((phones, param_values[group][phones]))
else :
for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group
phonemeList.extend([(phones, param_values[group][phones]) for phoneme in next_phoneme])
但是现在我得到的输出是一个很大的列表，我猜程序在字典中循环了很多次，结果一次又一次地打印出整个字典，而不是只显示给定输入的值。有人能告诉我哪里出错了吗？谢谢。
4 个回答
1
这里不应该使用 param_values.get，因为你已经用 param_values[...] 来读取这个值了。
也就是说，不要这样写：
param_values.get(param_values[group][phones])
应该这样写：
param_values[group][phones]
如果你想要在键不存在的情况下使用一个默认值，可以用 get 来代替（而不是额外加上） [...]，但在这个情况下其实没必要。
1
这是对你下面这个新代码版本片段的回复：
if next_phoneme is None :
# exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
# iterate over each nested dict
for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group
phonemeList.append((phones, param_values[group][phones]))
else :
for group in param_values.keys() : # 'group' refers to vowels or consonants
for phones in param_values[group].keys() : # 'phones' refers to the phonemes present inside each group
phonemeList.extend([(phones, param_values[group][phones]) for phoneme in next_phoneme])
如果我理解得没错，你的目标是这样的，我觉得你想要的可以写成：
next_phonemes = diphthong.get(phoneme, [phoneme])
for next_phoneme in next_phonemes:
# exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
for group_val in param_values.itervalues(): # 'group_val' refers to values associated to vowels or consonants
if next_phoneme in group_val:
phonemeList.append((next_phoneme, group_val[next_phoneme])
break # Once we found the next phoneme, no need to look further
1
试试这样做。这种方法简单多了，而且效率也更高（我觉得）
import sys
param_values = {
'aa' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'ae' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'ah' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'ao' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.2,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'eh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1)],
'er' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.15,0.7), (-1,-1)],
'ey' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.5), (-1,-1)],
'ih' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'iy' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.2,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'uh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0)],
'uw' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0)],
'o' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.4,1.0)] ,
'b' : [(-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'ch' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'd' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'dh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.35), (-1,-1)],
'dx' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.35), (-1,-1)],
'f' : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1)],
'g' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'hh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'jh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'k' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'l' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'm' : [(-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'n' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'ng' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'p' : [(-1,-1), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.8), (-1,-1)],
'r' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
's' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'sh' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
't' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'th' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.4), (-1,-1)],
'v' : [(0.3,1.0), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1)],
'w' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,1.0)],
'y' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.6), (-1,-1)],
'z' : [(-1,-1), (0.1,1.0), (-1,-1), (0.3,1.0), (0.0,0.0), (-1,-1)],
'zh' : [(-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (-1,-1), (0.1,0.6), (-1,-1)]
}
diphthong = {
'aw' : ['ao' , 'uw'],
'ay' : ['ao' , 'ih'],
'ow' : ['o' , 'aa'],
'oy' : ['o' , 'ih']
}
phonemeList = []
with open("syllabifiedPhonemes.txt", "r") as pFile :
for line in pFile :
l = line.split()
for phoneme in l :
if phoneme != "'":
next_phoneme = diphthong.get(phoneme)
if next_phoneme is None :
# exploring the dict param_values extracting each nested dict
phonemeList.append((phoneme, param_values[phoneme]))
else :
phonemeList.extend([(phoneme, param_values[phoneme]) for phoneme in next_phoneme])
print "New List"
print '\n'.join(str(l) for l in phonemeList)
如果你需要辅音和元音的信息，最好把它存放在其他地方。把它放在这里会让代码变得太复杂。
注意：我把测试用的函数去掉了。显然，你应该把它放回你的代码里；）