使用groupby-apply对数据框索引(DatetimeIndex)进行聚合
我正在使用 pandas
0.13.1 来处理气象数据。我有一个很大的浮点数数据表。感谢这个回答,我已经把数据按半小时的间隔进行了高效分组。我选择使用 groupby
加 apply
,而不是 resample
,因为我需要查看多个列的数据。
>>> winddata
sonic_Ux sonic_Uy sonic_Uz
TIMESTAMP
2014-04-30 14:13:12.300000 0.322444 2.530129 0.347921
2014-04-30 14:13:12.400000 0.357793 2.571811 0.360840
2014-04-30 14:13:12.500000 0.469529 2.400510 0.193011
2014-04-30 14:13:12.600000 0.298787 2.212599 0.404752
2014-04-30 14:13:12.700000 0.259310 2.054919 0.066324
2014-04-30 14:13:12.800000 0.342952 1.962965 0.070500
2014-04-30 14:13:12.900000 0.434589 2.210533 -0.010147
... ... ...
[4361447 rows x 3 columns]
>>> winddata.dtypes
sonic_Ux float64
sonic_Uy float64
sonic_Uz float64
dtype: object
>>> hhdata = winddata.groupby(TimeGrouper('30T')); hhdata
<pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy object at 0xb440790c>
我想在 'Ux/Uy' 这两列上使用 math.atan2
,但在成功 apply
任何函数时遇到了麻烦。我收到了关于属性 ndim
的错误信息:
>>> hhdata.apply(lambda g: atan2(g['sonic_Ux'].mean(), g['sonic_Uy'].mean()))
Traceback (most recent call last):
<<snip>>
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas-0.13.1-py2.7-linux-i686.egg/pandas/tools/merge.py", line 989, in __init__
if not 0 <= axis <= sample.ndim:
AttributeError: 'float' object has no attribute 'ndim'
>>>
>>> hhdata.apply(lambda g: 42)
Traceback (most recent call last):
<<snip>>
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pandas-0.13.1-py2.7-linux-i686.egg/pandas/tools/merge.py", line 989, in __init__
if not 0 <= axis <= sample.ndim:
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'ndim'
我可以顺利地遍历这个分组对象。我也可以把结果放进一个 Series
或 DataFrame
中,但要把值包装起来就需要添加一个索引,而这个索引要和我原来的索引配对。根据这个回答的建议去掉重复索引并没有按预期工作。因为我能重现那个问题和解决方案,我想知道我认为它的表现不同是因为我在对一个 DateTimeIndex进行分组。
>>> for name, g in hhdata:
... print name, atan2(g['sonic_Ux'].mean(), g['sonic_Uy'].mean()), ' wd'
...
2014-04-30 14:00:00 0.13861912975 wd
2014-04-30 14:30:00 0.511709085506 wd
2014-04-30 15:00:00 -1.5088990774 wd
2014-04-30 15:30:00 0.13200013186 wd
<<snip>>
>>> def winddir(g):
... return pd.Series(atan2( np.mean(g['sonic_Ux']), np.mean(g['sonic_Uy']) ), name='wd')
...
>>> hhdata.apply(winddir)
2014-04-30 14:00:00 0 0.138619
2014-04-30 14:30:00 0 0.511709
2014-04-30 15:00:00 0 -1.508899
2014-04-30 15:30:00 0 0.132000
...
2014-05-05 14:00:00 0 -2.551593
2014-05-05 14:30:00 0 -2.523250
2014-05-05 15:00:00 0 -2.698828
Name: wd, Length: 243, dtype: float64
>>> hhdata.apply(winddir).index[0]
(Timestamp('2014-04-30 14:00:00', tz=None), 0)
>>> def winddir(g):
... return pd.DataFrame({'wd':atan2(g['sonic_Ux'].mean(), g['sonic_Uy'].mean())}, index=[g.name])
...
>>> hhdata.apply(winddir)
wd
2014-04-30 14:00:00 2014-04-30 14:00:00 0.138619
2014-04-30 14:30:00 2014-04-30 14:30:00 0.511709
2014-04-30 15:00:00 2014-04-30 15:00:00 -1.508899
2014-04-30 15:30:00 2014-04-30 15:30:00 0.132000
...
[243 rows x 1 columns]
>>> hhdata.apply(winddir).index[0]
(Timestamp('2014-04-30 14:00:00', tz=None), Timestamp('2014-04-30 14:00:00', tz=None))
>>>
>>> tsfast.groupby(TimeGrouper('30T')).apply(lambda g:
... Series({'wd': atan2(g.sonic_Ux.mean(), g.sonic_Uy.mean()),
... 'ws': np.sqrt(g.sonic_Ux.mean()**2 + g.sonic_Uy.mean()**2)}))
2014-04-30 14:00:00 wd 0.138619
ws 1.304311
2014-04-30 14:30:00 wd 0.511709
ws 0.143762
2014-04-30 15:00:00 wd -1.508899
ws 0.856643
...
2014-05-05 14:30:00 wd -2.523250
ws 3.317810
2014-05-05 15:00:00 wd -2.698828
ws 3.279520
Length: 486, dtype: float64
编辑:注意到当返回一个 Series 或 DataFrame 时多了一列吗?而且按照之前链接的答案的公式,结果会产生一个层级索引?
我最初的问题是:我应该从我的 apply
函数中返回什么样的值,以便 groupby-apply 操作的结果是一个只有一列的 DataFrame 或 Series,长度等于组的数量,并且组名(例如时间戳)作为索引值?
经过反馈和进一步调查,我真正想问的是为什么在索引上分组的行为和在列上分组的行为不同?观察将 DatetimeIndex
改为一个包含字符串值的列,以实现与 TimeGrouper('30T')
相同的分组,结果就达到了我预期的效果:
>>> winddata.index.name = 'WASINDEX'
>>> data2 = winddata.reset_index()
>>> def to_hh(x): # <-- big hammer
... ts = x.isoformat()
... return ts[:14] + ('30:00' if int(ts[14:16]) >= 30 else '00:00')
...
>>> data2['TS'] = data2['WASINDEX'].apply(lambda x: to_hh(x))
>>> wd = data2.groupby('TS').apply(lambda df: Series({'wd': np.arctan2(df.x.mean(), df.y.mean())}))
>>> type(wd)
pandas.core.frame.DataFrame
>>> wd.columns
Index([u'wd'], dtype=object)
>>> wd.index
Index([u'2014-04-30T14:00:00', u'2014-04-30T14:30:00', <<snip>> dtype=object)
1 个回答
0
In [31]: pd.set_option('max_rows',10)
In [32]: winddata = DataFrame({ 'x' : np.random.randn(N), 'y' : np.random.randn(N)+2, 'z' : np.random.randn(N) },pd.date_range('20140430 14:13:12',periods=N,freq='100ms'))
In [33]: winddata
Out[33]:
x y z
2014-04-30 14:13:12 -0.065350 0.567525 2.212534
2014-04-30 14:13:12.100000 -0.436498 2.591799 2.424359
2014-04-30 14:13:12.200000 -1.059038 3.120631 -0.645579
2014-04-30 14:13:12.300000 1.973474 0.630424 0.966405
2014-04-30 14:13:12.400000 0.575082 1.941845 -0.674695
... ... ... ...
2014-05-05 15:22:16.200000 0.601962 0.027834 -0.101967
2014-05-05 15:22:16.300000 0.741777 1.764745 0.991516
2014-05-05 15:22:16.400000 -0.494253 1.765930 2.493000
2014-05-05 15:22:16.500000 -2.643749 0.671604 0.275096
2014-05-05 15:22:16.600000 0.676698 0.958903 0.946942
[4361447 rows x 3 columns]
In [34]: winddata.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
DatetimeIndex: 4361447 entries, 2014-04-30 14:13:12 to 2014-05-05 15:22:16.600000
Freq: 100L
Data columns (total 3 columns):
x float64
y float64
z float64
dtypes: float64(3)
In [35]: g = winddata.groupby(pd.Grouper(freq='30T'))
In [36]: results = DataFrame({'x' : g['x'].mean(), 'y' : g['y'].mean() })
In [37]: results['wd'] = np.arctan2(results['x'],results['y'])
In [38]: results['ws'] = np.sqrt(results['x']**2+results['y']**2)
In [39]: results
Out[39]:
x y wd ws
2014-04-30 14:00:00 0.005060 1.986778 0.002547 1.986784
2014-04-30 14:30:00 0.004922 2.015551 0.002442 2.015557
2014-04-30 15:00:00 -0.004209 1.988889 -0.002116 1.988893
2014-04-30 15:30:00 0.008410 2.003453 0.004198 2.003470
2014-04-30 16:00:00 0.004027 1.997369 0.002016 1.997373
... ... ... ... ...
2014-05-05 13:00:00 0.006901 1.991252 0.003466 1.991264
2014-05-05 13:30:00 0.005458 2.008731 0.002717 2.008739
2014-05-05 14:00:00 -0.000805 2.000045 -0.000402 2.000045
2014-05-05 14:30:00 -0.004556 1.997437 -0.002281 1.997443
2014-05-05 15:00:00 0.003444 2.000182 0.001722 2.000185
[243 rows x 4 columns]
在版本< 0.14.0中,使用 pd.TimeGrouper