替代fscanf C cod的Python

Question

我有一些C代码工作得很好：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
    FILE *fp;
    struct emp
    {
        char name[40];
        int age;
        float bs;
    };
    struct emp e;
    fp=fopen("EMPLOYEE.DAT","r");
    if(fp==NULL)
    {
        puts("Cannot open file";
        exit(1);
    }
    while(fscanf(f,"%s %d %f",&e.name,&e.age,&e.bs)!=EOF)
        printf("%s %d %f\n",e.name,e.age,e.bs);

    fclose(fp);
    return 0;
}

EMPLOYEE.DAT中的数据：

Sunil 34 1250.50
Sameer 21 1300.50
rahul 34 1400.50

我无法将此代码转换为Python：

while(fscanf(f,"%s %d %f",&e.name,&e.age,&e.bs)!=EOF)
    printf("%s %d %f\n",e.name,e.age,e.bs);

有没有办法在Python中实现它？此外，什么是Python的替代品exit()&；EOF？

Answer 1

类似于：

with open("EMPLOYEE.DAT") as f: # open the file for reading
    for line in f: # iterate over each line
        name, age, bs = line.split() # split it by whitespace
        age = int(age) # convert age from string to int
        bs = float(bs) # convert bs from string to float
        print(name, age, bs)

如果要将数据存储在结构中，可以使用内置的dict类型（散列映射）

person = {'name': name, 'age': age, 'bs': bs}
person['name'] # access data

或者你可以定义自己的类：

class Employee(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age, bs):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.bs = bs

e = Employee(name, age, bs) # create an instance
e.name # access data

编辑

如果文件不存在，这里有一个处理错误的版本。并返回一个exit代码。

import sys
try:
    with open("EMPLOYEE.DAT") as f:
        for line in f:
            name, age, bs = line.split()
            age = int(age)
            bs = float(bs)
            print(name, age, bs)
except IOError:
    print("Cannot open file")
    sys.exit(1)