在类内部创建类的副本

Question

我想用python对代码进行cythonization以加快代码的速度。在下面，您可以看到我试图让python可以理解python类：

import numpy as np
cimport numpy as np
ctypedef np.double_t DTYPE_T
cpdef double std_G,v_c
std_G=4.3e-9 # Newton's const   in Mpc (km/s)^2 M_sol^{-1}
v_c = 299792.458 #km/s

cdef extern from "math.h":
    double log(double) nogil
    double sqrt(double) nogil


cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_math.h":
    ctypedef struct gsl_function:
        double (* function) (double x, void * params)
        void * params

cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_integration.h":
    ctypedef struct gsl_integration_workspace
    gsl_integration_workspace *  gsl_integration_workspace_alloc(size_t n)
    void  gsl_integration_workspace_free(gsl_integration_workspace * w)
    int  gsl_integration_qags(const gsl_function * f, double a, double b, double epsabs, double epsrel, size_t limit, gsl_integration_workspace * workspace, double *result, double *abserr)

cdef double do_callback(double x, void* params): 
     return (<ComovingDistMemoization>params).eval(x) 


cdef class ComovingDistMemoization(object):
     cdef list _memotable
     cdef cosmolgy
     def __cinit__(self, cosmology, memotable = None):

         if memotable is None:
            self._memotable = []

         self._memotable = memotable
         self.cosmology = cosmology
     def __call__(self, double z):


        if z in self._memotable:
            return self._memotable[z]

        def eval(z):

            return 1./sqrt(self.cosmology.hubble2(z))
        cdef gsl_integration_workspace* w =gsl_integration_workspace_alloc(1000)
        cdef gsl_function F            

        F.function = &do_callback 
        F.params = <void*>self 
        cdef double result = 3, error = 5
        cdef double y, err, dist
        gsl_integration_qags (&F, 0, z, 0, 1e-7, 1000, w, &result, &error) 
        y, err = result, error 

        gsl_integration_workspace_free(w) 

        dist = self.cosmology.v_c * y  #to get proper units, ie to put in the hubble length

        self._memotable[z] = dist

        return dist


cdef class cosmology(object):
    cdef comovingdist
    cdef public double omega_m, omega_l, h, w, omega_r, G, v_c
    cdef double H0, hubble_length
    def __init__(self, omega_m = 0.3, omega_l = 0.7, h = 0.7, w = -1, omega_r = 0., G = std_G):

        self.omega_m = omega_m
        self.omega_l = omega_l
        self.omega_r = omega_r
        self.h = h
        self.w = w
        self.G = G
        self.v_c = v_c

        self.comovingdist = ComovingDistMemoization(self)
    def __copy__(self):

        return cosmology(omega_m = self.omega_m, omega_l = self.omega_l, h = self.h, w = self.w, omega_r = self.omega_r, G = self.G)

    property H0:
       def __get__(self):
           return 100*self.h  #km/s/MPC

    def hubble2(self, double z):
        cdef double inv_a
        inv_a = 1.+z
        return (self.omega_r*inv_a**4 + self.omega_m*inv_a**3 + \
                  self.omega_l*(inv_a**(3*(1+self.w))) + (1 - self.omega_m - self.omega_l - self.omega_r)*inv_a**2)*self.H0**2

    property hubble_length:
        def __get__(self):
            return self.v_c / self.H0

    def rho_crit(self, double z):
        return 3.*self.hubble2(z)/(8*np.pi*self.G)


    def angulardist(self, double z, double z2 = None):

        if z2 is None:
            return self.comovingdist(z) / (1+z)

        return (self.comovingdist(z2) - self.comovingdist(z)) / (1+z2)

然而，其中一个引起错误的地方，到目前为止我还没有找到任何替代，我的调查刚刚达到这个地步，即__copy__(self)函数不受cython的支持。 第一个问题：如何复制class中class的一个方法？ 我读到用pickle.Pickler可以为类的实例提供替换，但是我不知道它应该如何在类内生成一个类的copy？？ 更新： 将__copy__替换为以下代码是否正确：

^{pr2}$

我的第二个问题是关于property，我是在cython中定义了属性还是还需要一个__set__函数？在

最后一个问题：当我使用ComovingDistMemoization调用cosmology类的所有实例时，它们返回零。我想知道我在ComovingDistMemoization类中调用实例cosmology类的方式是否导致了问题，并且无法在它们之间传递信息？在

Answer 1

回答您的第二个问题时，您不需要__set__函数，而且似乎您使用__get__概念的方式有错误。要获取的属性名必须设置为：

def get_H0(self):
   return 100*self.h  #km/s/MPC
H0 = property(fget=get_H0)

def get_hubble_length(self):
    return self.v_c / self.H0
hubble_length = property(fget=get_hubble_length)

---

编辑：我不知道@property不能与Cython一起使用

Answer 2

最好的方法是将cosmology类与ComovingDistMemoization类结合起来，并编写第二个类作为第一个类的方法。我将这个类重命名为comovingdist函数，用于cosmology类。在

cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_math.h":
    ctypedef struct gsl_function:
        double (* function) (double x, void * params)
        void * params

cdef extern from "gsl/gsl_integration.h":
    ctypedef struct gsl_integration_workspace
    gsl_integration_workspace *  gsl_integration_workspace_alloc(size_t n)
    void  gsl_integration_workspace_free(gsl_integration_workspace * w)
    int  gsl_integration_qags(const gsl_function * f, double a, double b, double epsabs, double epsrel, size_t limit, gsl_integration_workspace * workspace, double *result, double *abserr)

cdef double do_callback(double x, void* params): 
     return (<cosmology>params).eval(x) 

cdef class cosmology(object):
    cdef public double omega_m, omega_l, h, w, omega_r, G, v_c
    def __init__(self,double omega_m = 0.3, double omega_l = 0.7, double h = 0.7, double w = -1, double omega_r = 0., double G = std_G):

        self.omega_m = omega_m
        self.omega_l = omega_l
        self.omega_r = omega_r
        self.h = h
        self.w = w
        self.G = G
        self.v_c = v_c

    def __copy__(self):

        return cosmology(omega_m = self.omega_m, omega_l = self.omega_l, h = self.h, w = self.w, omega_r = self.omega_r, G = self.G)

    property H0:
       def __get__(self):
           return 100*self.h  #km/s/MPC

    def hubble2(self, double z):
        cdef double inv_a
        inv_a = 1.+z
        return (self.omega_r*inv_a**4 + self.omega_m*inv_a**3 + \
                  self.omega_l*(inv_a**(3*(1+self.w))) + (1 - self.omega_m - self.omega_l - self.omega_r)*inv_a**2)*self.H0**2

    property hubble_length:
        def __get__(self):
            return self.v_c / self.H0

    cpdef double eval(self, double z):
         return 1./sqrt(self.hubble2(z))

    def comovingdist(self, double z):
        cdef gsl_integration_workspace* w =gsl_integration_workspace_alloc(1000)

        cdef gsl_function F
        F.function = &do_callback
        F.params = <void*>self

        cdef double result = 3, error = 5
        cdef double y, err, dist
        gsl_integration_qags(&F, 0, z, 0, 1e-7, 1000, w, &result, &error)
        y, err = result, error 

        gsl_integration_workspace_free(w) 

        dist = self.v_c * y  #to get proper units, ie to put in the hubble length

        return dist


    def rho_crit(self, double z):
        return 3.*self.hubble2(z)/(8*np.pi*self.G)


    def angulardist(self, z, z2=None):
        if z2 is None:
            return self.comovingdist(z) / (1+z)
        return (self.comovingdist(z2) - self.comovingdist(z)) / (1+z2)

    def beta(self, z, zcluster):

        Ds = np.array([self.angulardist(zi) for zi in z])
        Dls = np.array([self.angulardist(zcluster, zi) for zi in z])

        Dls_over_Ds = np.zeros_like(Dls)
        Dls_over_Ds[Ds > 0] = Dls[Ds > 0] / Ds[Ds > 0]
        Dls_over_Ds[Dls <= 0] = 0

        return Dls_over_Ds


    def beta_s(self, z, zcluster):

        betainf = self.beta([1e6], zcluster)

        beta_s = self.beta(z, zcluster) / betainf

        return beta_s


    def RhoCrit_over_SigmaC(self,z, zcluster):

        Dl = self.angulardist(zcluster)
        r= (4*np.pi*self.G)*self.rho_crit(zcluster)*self.beta( z, zcluster )*Dl/self.v_c**2
        return r