如何在Windows 8.1上安装opencvforpython3.x？

Question

我正试图在Windows 8.1中安装并运行OpenCV 3.0.0forpython3.4.2。

1. 我已经从http://opencv.org/下载了OpenCV文件。
2. 已提取C:中的文件夹。
3. 我转到了系统高级系统设置高级环境变量
4. 在“用户变量框”中添加新变量。将其命名为“OPENCV_DIR”，值为“c:\ OPENCV\build\x64\vc12”。
5. 将此添加到路径末尾：“；C:\ opencv；C:\ opencv\build；%opencv_DIR%\bin”
6. 我从“C:\opencv\build\python\2.7\x64”中获取了归档文件“cv2.pyd”，并复制了它。
7. 我把它贴在C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages上了。

最后，我转到Python 3.4.2的空闲状态并编写（在将fine复制到Python目录之前发生了这种情况）：

import cv2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
    import cv2
ImportError: No module named 'cv2'

在我将文件复制到Python目录后发生了这种情况：

import cv2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
    import cv2
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

我做错什么了？我不确定是否应该安装CMake和NumPy。

我也不知道如何使用这个网页（这么多人推荐）， http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#opencv，有很多Python库可用，包括PIL、OpenCV、VideoCapture等。。。

我想试着用下面的例子：

• Face Detection in Python Using a Webcam

• 1: Introduction to Python and OpenCV

• Face Detection With OS X and Python

好的，我不应该使用Python3.4中Python2.7中的文件。这行不通。我删除了它，所以正如otterb建议的那样，我刚刚从http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#opencv安装了opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl包，但是这个文件是.whl而不是EXE文件，根据How do I install a Python package with a .whl file?我遵循了以下步骤：

1. 转到命令提示符

2. 将带有“cd”的目录更改为我下载文件的位置

3. 并编写“pip install opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl”

但我收到了以下红色信息：

Installing collected packages: opencv-python
Cleaning up...
  Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 370, in _rmtree_unsafe
    os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it     is
being used by another process:     'C:\\Users\\JOSEFG~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-n
kyo0c6u-build\\opencv_python-3.0.0.data\\data\\Lib\\site-packages\\cv2.pyd'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 283, in     run

    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options,     root=options.root_p
ath)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1444, in install
    requirement.remove_temporary_source()
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 761, in     remove_temporary
_source
    rmtree(self._temp_build_dir)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\util.py", line 43, in rmtree
    onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 477, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 372, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\util.py", line 53, in rmtree_errorhandler
    (exctype is PermissionError and value.args[3] == 5) #python3.3
IndexError: tuple index out of range

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 370, in _rmtree_unsafe
    os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:\\Users\\JOSEFG~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-nkyo0c6u-build\\opencv_python-3.0.0.data\\data\\Lib\\site-packages\\cv2.pyd'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 302, in run

    requirement_set.cleanup_files(bundle=self.bundle)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1319, in cleanup_files
    req.remove_temporary_source()
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 761, in remove_temporary_source
    rmtree(self._temp_build_dir)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\util.py", line 43, in rmtree
    onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 477, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 367, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\shutil.py", line 372, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\util.py", line 53, in rmtree_errorhandler
    (exctype is PermissionError and value.args[3] == 5) #python3.3
IndexError: tuple index out of range

  Storing debug log for failure in C:\Users\me\pip\pip.log

这意味着仔细阅读后，文件是不安全的安装在我的电脑上

另外，pip应该是根据How do I install pip on Windows?运行前一个命令的最新命令。然后我在命令提示符下升级pip

python -m pip install -U pip

现在我有了7.1版。我通过写作知道：

pip --version

然后我又试了一次

pip install opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl

但当我收到这条信息时，它似乎正在起作用：

C:\Users\Jose F Gomez D\Downloads>pip install opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): opencv-python==3.0.0 from file:///C:/Users/Jose%20F%20Gomez%20D/Downloads/opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl in c:\python34\lib\site-packages

然后我在python shell中编写“import cv2”，但是有一个新的错误

ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
    import cv2
ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import

所以我用

pip install numpy
pip install scipy

<>但是它不工作，因为它需要C++ +/p>

需要microsoft visual c++10时出错

我试图从VisualStudio的网页中找到“Visual C++ 2010 Express”，但没有链接到“微软Visual C++ 2010 Express”，所以我去页面{{a10}，下载文件，执行它，现在我得到C++。

我再次转到命令提示符，试图安装NumPy和SciPy，但没有成功。路径中有错误：

ValueError: ['path']

好的，现在我尝试从以下位置安装NumPy和SciPy包：

http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/

但它不起作用，所以我去了Gohike，http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numpy，在管理员模式下从命令提示符安装了NumPy和SciPy：

pip install scipy‑0.16.0‑cp34‑none‑win_amd64.whl
pip install numpy‑1.9.2+mkl‑cp34‑none‑win_amd64.whl

现在我试着写简历，但什么也没做。Uups，它是cv2，它在工作。我接下来写答案。

Answer 1

我已经使用conda（安装Anaconda 3-64bit）和以下命令（conda installation of OpenCV 3）成功地安装了OpenCV 3.1.0：

conda install -c menpo opencv3=3.1.0

请注意，唯一完整的安装是从GitHub存储库编译OpenCV库获得的。我发现conda安装和车轮上缺少一些功能（如冲浪检测）。

Answer 2

在Windows 8.1上安装OpenCV 3.0.0forpython3.4.2的正确方法是：

1. 转到http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#opencv
2. 下载OpenCV、NumPy和SciPy

我需要：

• opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl

• scipy‑0.16.0‑cp34‑none‑win_amd64.whl

• numpy‑1.9.2+mkl‑cp34‑none‑win_amd64.whl

  1. 从^ {A2}
  下载并安装Visual C++ 2010 Express
  2. 以管理员身份打开命令提示符
  3. 将“cd C:\ Users\me\Downloads”等目录更改为我下载文件的位置
  4. 复制并粘贴这个：“python-m pip install-upip”

  5. 然后安装库。复制并粘贴：

     pip安装opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl

     pip安装scipy∙0.16.0∙cp34∙none∙win_amd64.whl

     pip安装numpy-1.9.2+mkl-cp34-none-win-u amd64.whl

仅此而已。

————————————————————————————————狡猾的Python

Answer 3

您可以使用pip安装whl文件，如：

pip install path/to/whlfile

是的，你说得对。Gohlke的包以前是一个EXE文件，但是OpenCV现在作为whl分发。对不起，我错过了。

这里有一个类似的堆栈溢出问题：How do I install a Python package with a .whl file?