无法将下载的文件存储在相关文件夹中

Question

我用python和selenium编写了一个脚本，从一个网页下载几个文档文件（以.doc结尾）。我不想使用requests或urllib模块下载这些文件，是因为我当前使用的网站没有连接到每个文件的真正的url。它们是javascript加密的。不过，我在脚本中选择了一个链接来模拟相同的内容。在

我的脚本此时的作用是：

1. 在桌面上创建主文件夹
2. 使用要下载的文件名在主文件夹中创建子文件夹
3. 下载文件开始点击他们的链接，并把文件放在主文件夹。(this is what I need rectified)

How can I modify my script to download the files initiating click on their links and put the downloaded files in their concerning folders?

这是我目前为止的尝试：

import os
import time
from selenium import webdriver

link ='https://www.online-convert.com/file-format/doc' 

dirf = os.path.expanduser('~')
desk_location = dirf + r'\Desktop\file_folder'
if not os.path.exists(desk_location):os.mkdir(desk_location)

def download_files():
    driver.get(link)
    for item in driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("a[href$='.doc']")[:2]:
        filename = item.get_attribute("href").split("/")[-1]
        #creating new folder in accordance with filename to store the downloaded file in thier concerning folder
        folder_name = item.get_attribute("href").split("/")[-1].split(".")[0]
        #set the new location of the folders to be created
        new_location = os.path.join(desk_location,folder_name)
        if not os.path.exists(new_location):os.mkdir(new_location)
        #set the location of the folders the downloaded files will be within
        file_location = os.path.join(new_location,filename)
        item.click()

        time_to_wait = 10
        time_counter = 0
        try:
            while not os.path.exists(file_location):
                time.sleep(1)
                time_counter += 1
                if time_counter > time_to_wait:break
        except Exception:pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    chromeOptions = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    prefs = {'download.default_directory' : desk_location,
            'profile.default_content_setting_values.automatic_downloads': 1
        }
    chromeOptions.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs)
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chromeOptions)
    download_files()

下图表示下载文件当前的存储方式(the files are outside of their concerning folders)：

Answer 1

在声明驱动程序对象时使用这段代码（这是针对Java的，Python也有类似的方法来实现它） 这将每次将文件下载到指定的位置。在

    //Create preference object
    HashMap<String, Object> chromePrefs = new HashMap<String , Object>();   
    //Set Download path  
    chromePrefs.put("download.default_directory","C:\\Reports\\AutomaionDownloads");
        chromePrefs.put("download.directory_upgrade", true);
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.setExperimentalOption("prefs", chromePrefs);    
        //Call the Chrome Driver
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); 

Answer 2

使用python3中的^{}库或python2的^{}库来处理路径。它提供了一种面向对象的方法来处理文件和目录。它还有PurePath对象，它可以在不接触文件系统的情况下处理路径。在

Answer 3

我只是添加了文件的重命名来移动它。因此，它会像您拥有的一样工作，但一旦它下载了文件，就会将其移动到正确的路径：

os.rename(desk_location + '\\' + filename, file_location)

完整代码：

import os
import time
from selenium import webdriver

link ='https://www.online-convert.com/file-format/doc' 

dirf = os.path.expanduser('~')
desk_location = dirf + r'\Desktop\file_folder'
if not os.path.exists(desk_location):
    os.mkdir(desk_location)

def download_files():
    driver.get(link)
    for item in driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("a[href$='.doc']")[:2]:
        filename = item.get_attribute("href").split("/")[-1]
        #creating new folder in accordance with filename to store the downloaded file in thier concerning folder
        folder_name = item.get_attribute("href").split("/")[-1].split(".")[0]
        #set the new location of the folders to be created
        new_location = os.path.join(desk_location,folder_name)
        if not os.path.exists(new_location):
            os.mkdir(new_location)
        #set the location of the folders the downloaded files will be within
        file_location = os.path.join(new_location,filename)
        item.click()

        time_to_wait = 10
        time_counter = 0

        try:
            while not os.path.exists(file_location):
                time.sleep(1)
                time_counter += 1
                if time_counter > time_to_wait:break
            os.rename(desk_location + '\\' + filename, file_location)
        except Exception:pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    chromeOptions = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    prefs = {'download.default_directory' : desk_location,
            'profile.default_content_setting_values.automatic_downloads': 1
        }
    chromeOptions.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs)
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chromeOptions)
    download_files()