矩阵所有行对的相关系数和p值

2024-05-16 23:24:55 发布

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我有一个矩阵data,有m行和n列。我曾经使用^{}计算所有行对之间的相关系数:

import numpy as np
data = np.array([[0, 1, -1], [0, -1, 1]])
np.corrcoef(data)

现在我也想看看这些系数的p值。np.corrcoef不提供这些;^{}提供。但是,scipy.stats.pearsonr不接受输入矩阵。

有没有一种快速的方法来计算所有行对的系数和p值(例如,通过m矩阵在两个m处到达,一个具有相关系数,另一个具有相应的p值),而不必手动遍历所有行对?


Tags: 方法importnumpydataasstatsnp矩阵
3条回答

有点老套,可能效率不高,但我想这可能是你想要的:

import scipy.spatial.distance as dist

import scipy.stats as ss

# Pearson's correlation coefficients
print dist.squareform(dist.pdist(data, lambda x, y: ss.pearsonr(x, y)[0]))    

# p-values
print dist.squareform(dist.pdist(data, lambda x, y: ss.pearsonr(x, y)[1]))

Scipy's pdist是一个非常有用的函数,它主要用于寻找n维空间中观测值之间的成对距离。

但它允许用户定义可调用的“距离度量”,可以利用它执行任何类型的成对操作。结果以压缩距离矩阵形式返回,使用Scipy's 'squareform' function可以很容易地将其更改为平方矩阵形式。

我今天也遇到同样的问题。

经过半个小时的搜索,我在numpy/scipy库中找不到任何代码可以帮助我做到这一点。

所以我写了自己的版本

import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import pearsonr, betai

def corrcoef(matrix):
    r = np.corrcoef(matrix)
    rf = r[np.triu_indices(r.shape[0], 1)]
    df = matrix.shape[1] - 2
    ts = rf * rf * (df / (1 - rf * rf))
    pf = betai(0.5 * df, 0.5, df / (df + ts))
    p = np.zeros(shape=r.shape)
    p[np.triu_indices(p.shape[0], 1)] = pf
    p[np.tril_indices(p.shape[0], -1)] = p.T[np.tril_indices(p.shape[0], -1)]
    p[np.diag_indices(p.shape[0])] = np.ones(p.shape[0])
    return r, p

def corrcoef_loop(matrix):
    rows, cols = matrix.shape[0], matrix.shape[1]
    r = np.ones(shape=(rows, rows))
    p = np.ones(shape=(rows, rows))
    for i in range(rows):
        for j in range(i+1, rows):
            r_, p_ = pearsonr(matrix[i], matrix[j])
            r[i, j] = r[j, i] = r_
            p[i, j] = p[j, i] = p_
    return r, p

第一个版本使用np.corrcoef的结果,然后基于corrcoef矩阵的三角形上数值计算p值。

第二个循环版本只是在行上迭代,手动执行pearsonr。

def test_corrcoef():
    a = np.array([
        [1, 2, 3, 4],
        [1, 3, 1, 4],
        [8, 3, 8, 5],
        [2, 3, 2, 1]])

    r1, p1 = corrcoef(a)
    r2, p2 = corrcoef_loop(a)

    assert np.allclose(r1, r2)
    assert np.allclose(p1, p2)

考试通过了,他们是一样的。

def test_timing():
    import time
    a = np.random.randn(100, 2500)

    def timing(func, *args, **kwargs):
        t0 = time.time()
        loops = 10
        for _ in range(loops):
            func(*args, **kwargs)
        print('{} takes {} seconds loops={}'.format(
            func.__name__, time.time() - t0, loops))

    timing(corrcoef, a)
    timing(corrcoef_loop, a)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_corrcoef()
    test_timing()

我的Macbook对100x2500矩阵的性能

corrcoef takes 0.06608104705810547 seconds loops=10

corrcoef_loop takes 7.585600137710571 seconds loops=10

最一致的方法可能是pandas中的内置方法.corr,以获取r:

In [79]:

import pandas as pd
m=np.random.random((6,6))
df=pd.DataFrame(m)
print df.corr()
          0         1         2         3         4         5
0  1.000000 -0.282780  0.455210 -0.377936 -0.850840  0.190545
1 -0.282780  1.000000 -0.747979 -0.461637  0.270770  0.008815
2  0.455210 -0.747979  1.000000 -0.137078 -0.683991  0.557390
3 -0.377936 -0.461637 -0.137078  1.000000  0.511070 -0.801614
4 -0.850840  0.270770 -0.683991  0.511070  1.000000 -0.499247
5  0.190545  0.008815  0.557390 -0.801614 -0.499247  1.000000

要使用t-test获取p值:

In [84]:

n=6
r=df.corr()
t=r*np.sqrt((n-2)/(1-r*r))

import scipy.stats as ss
ss.t.cdf(t, n-2)
Out[84]:
array([[ 1.        ,  0.2935682 ,  0.817826  ,  0.23004382,  0.01585695,
         0.64117917],
       [ 0.2935682 ,  1.        ,  0.04363408,  0.17836685,  0.69811422,
         0.50661121],
       [ 0.817826  ,  0.04363408,  1.        ,  0.39783538,  0.06700715,
         0.8747497 ],
       [ 0.23004382,  0.17836685,  0.39783538,  1.        ,  0.84993082,
         0.02756579],
       [ 0.01585695,  0.69811422,  0.06700715,  0.84993082,  1.        ,
         0.15667393],
       [ 0.64117917,  0.50661121,  0.8747497 ,  0.02756579,  0.15667393,
         1.        ]])
In [85]:

ss.pearsonr(m[:,0], m[:,1])
Out[85]:
(-0.28277983892175751, 0.58713640696703184)
In [86]:
#be careful about the difference of 1-tail test and 2-tail test:
0.58713640696703184/2
Out[86]:
0.2935682034835159 #the value in ss.t.cdf(t, n-2) [0,1] cell

也可以使用OP中提到的scipy.stats.pearsonr

In [95]:
#returns a list of tuples of (r, p, index1, index2)
import itertools
[ss.pearsonr(m[:,i],m[:,j])+(i, j) for i, j in itertools.product(range(n), range(n))]
Out[95]:
[(1.0, 0.0, 0, 0),
 (-0.28277983892175751, 0.58713640696703184, 0, 1),
 (0.45521036266021014, 0.36434799921123057, 0, 2),
 (-0.3779357902414715, 0.46008763115463419, 0, 3),
 (-0.85083961671703368, 0.031713908656676448, 0, 4),
 (0.19054495489542525, 0.71764166168348287, 0, 5),
 (-0.28277983892175751, 0.58713640696703184, 1, 0),
 (1.0, 0.0, 1, 1),
#etc, etc

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