为什么Borg模式比Python中的Singleton模式好

2024-04-27 11:36:35 发布

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为什么Borg patternSingleton pattern好?

我问是因为我看不出他们会有什么不同。

博格:

class Borg:
  __shared_state = {}
  # init internal state variables here
  __register = {}
  def __init__(self):
    self.__dict__ = self.__shared_state
    if not self.__register:
      self._init_default_register()

单例:

class Singleton:
  def __init__(self):
    # init internal state variables here
    self.__register = {}
    self._init_default_register()

# singleton mechanics external to class, for example this in the module
Singleton = Singleton()

我想在这里显示的是,服务对象,无论是作为Borg还是Singleton实现的,都有一个非常重要的内部状态(它提供了一些基于它的服务)(我的意思是它必须是有用的,而不是仅仅为了好玩才使用Singleton/Borg)。

这个状态必须被初始化。这里,单例实现更加简单,因为我们将init视为全局状态的设置。我觉得很尴尬的是,Borg对象必须查询它的内部状态,看看它是否应该自我更新。

你的内心状态越糟。例如,如果对象必须侦听应用程序的拆卸信号以将其寄存器保存到磁盘,则该注册也只应进行一次,对于单例对象,这更容易。


Tags: 对象selfregisterhereinit状态variablesborg
3条回答

博格与众不同的真正原因归结于子类化。

如果将一个borg子类化,则子类的对象与其父类对象具有相同的状态,除非显式重写该子类中的共享状态。singleton模式的每个子类都有自己的状态,因此将生成不同的对象。

同样在singleton模式中,对象实际上是相同的,而不仅仅是状态(尽管状态是唯一真正重要的东西)。

在python中,如果您想要一个可以从任何地方访问的唯一“对象”,只需创建一个只包含静态属性的类Unique@staticmethods和@classmethods;您可以将其称为唯一模式。在这里,我实现并比较了3种模式:

独特的

#Unique Pattern
class Unique:
#Define some static variables here
    x = 1
    @classmethod
    def init(cls):
        #Define any computation performed when assigning to a "new" object
        return cls

单重态

#Singleton Pattern
class Singleton:

    __single = None 

    def __init__(self):
        if not Singleton.__single:
            #Your definitions here
            self.x = 1 
        else:
            raise RuntimeError('A Singleton already exists') 

    @classmethod
    def getInstance(cls):
        if not cls.__single:
            cls.__single = Singleton()
        return cls.__single

博格

#Borg Pattern
class Borg:

    __monostate = None

    def __init__(self):
        if not Borg.__monostate:
            Borg.__monostate = self.__dict__
            #Your definitions here
            self.x = 1

        else:
            self.__dict__ = Borg.__monostate

测试

#SINGLETON
print "\nSINGLETON\n"
A = Singleton.getInstance()
B = Singleton.getInstance()

print "At first B.x = {} and A.x = {}".format(B.x,A.x)
A.x = 2
print "After A.x = 2"
print "Now both B.x = {} and A.x = {}\n".format(B.x,A.x)
print  "Are A and B the same object? Answer: {}".format(id(A)==id(B))


#BORG
print "\nBORG\n"
A = Borg()
B = Borg()

print "At first B.x = {} and A.x = {}".format(B.x,A.x)
A.x = 2
print "After A.x = 2"
print "Now both B.x = {} and A.x = {}\n".format(B.x,A.x)
print  "Are A and B the same object? Answer: {}".format(id(A)==id(B))


#UNIQUE
print "\nUNIQUE\n"
A = Unique.init()
B = Unique.init()

print "At first B.x = {} and A.x = {}".format(B.x,A.x)
A.x = 2
print "After A.x = 2"
print "Now both B.x = {} and A.x = {}\n".format(B.x,A.x)
print  "Are A and B the same object? Answer: {}".format(id(A)==id(B))

输出:

SINGLETON

At first B.x = 1 and A.x = 1
After A.x = 2
Now both B.x = 2 and A.x = 2

Are A and B the same object? Answer: True

BORG

At first B.x = 1 and A.x = 1
After A.x = 2
Now both B.x = 2 and A.x = 2

Are A and B the same object? Answer: False

UNIQUE

At first B.x = 1 and A.x = 1
After A.x = 2
Now both B.x = 2 and A.x = 2

Are A and B the same object? Answer: True

在我看来,Unique实现是最简单的,然后是Borg,最后是Singleton,它的定义需要两个函数的数量非常难看。

不是的。通常不推荐的是python中这样的模式:

class Singleton(object):

 _instance = None

 def __init__(self, ...):
  ...

 @classmethod
 def instance(cls):
  if cls._instance is None:
   cls._instance = cls(...)
  return cls._instance

使用类方法来获取实例而不是构造函数。Python的元编程允许更好的方法,例如Wikipedia上的方法:

class Singleton(type):
    def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):
        super(Singleton, cls).__init__(name, bases, dict)
        cls.instance = None

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kw):
        if cls.instance is None:
            cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kw)

        return cls.instance

class MyClass(object):
    __metaclass__ = Singleton

print MyClass()
print MyClass()

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