我正在尝试创建一个用户系统,它使用一个设置和Gui模块,当Gui模块请求使用pickle加载文件时,我一直得到一个属性错误。这来自设置模块:
import pickle
import hashlib
class User(object):
def __init__(self, fname, lname, dob, gender):
self.firstname = fname
self.lastname = lname
self._dob = dob
self.gender = gender
self.type = 'General'
self._username = ''
self._hashkey = ''
def Report(self):
print("Full Name: {0} {1}\nDate of Birth: {2}\nGender: {3}\nAccess Level: {4}".format(self.firstname,self.lastname, self._dob, self.gender, self.type))
print(self._username)
def Genusername(self):
self._username = str(str(self._dob)[:2] + self.firstname[:2] + self.lastname[:2])
saveUsers(users)
def Genhashkey(self, password):
encoded = password.encode('utf-8','strict')
return hashlib.sha256(encoded).hexdigest()
def Verifypassword(self, password):
if self._hashkey == self.Genhashkey(password):
return True
else:
return False
class SAdmin(User):
def __init__(self, fname, lname, dob, gender):
super().__init__(fname, lname, dob, gender)
self.type = 'Stock Admin'
class Manager(User):
def __init__(self, fname, lname, dob, gender):
super().__init__(fname, lname, dob, gender)
self.type = 'Manager'
def saveUsers(users):
with open('user_data.pkl', 'wb') as file:
pickle.dump(users, file, -1) # PICKLE HIGHEST LEVEL PROTOCOL
def loadUsers(users):
try:
with open('user_data.pkl', 'rb') as file:
temp = pickle.load(file)
for item in temp:
users.append(item)
except IOError:
saveUsers([])
def userReport(users):
for user in users:
print(user.firstname, user.lastname)
def addUser(users):
fname = input('What is your First Name?\n > ')
lname = input('What is your Last Name?\n > ')
dob = int(input('Please enter your date of birth in the following format, example 12211996\n> '))
gender = input("What is your gender? 'M' or 'F'\n >")
level = input("Enter the access level given to this user 'G', 'A', 'M'\n > ")
password = input("Enter a password:\n > ")
if level == 'G':
usertype = User
if level == 'A':
usertype = SAdmin
if level == 'M':
usertype = Manager
users.append(usertype(fname, lname, dob, gender))
user = users[len(users)-1]
user.Genusername()
user._hashkey = user.Genhashkey(password)
saveUsers(users)
def deleteUser(users):
userReport(users)
delete = input('Please type in the First Name of the user do you wish to delete:\n > ')
for user in users:
if user.firstname == delete:
users.remove(user)
saveUsers(users)
def changePass(users):
userReport(users)
change = input('Please type in the First Name of the user you wish to change the password for :\n > ')
for user in users:
if user.firstname == change:
oldpass = input('Please type in your old password:\n > ')
newpass = input('Please type in your new password:\n > ')
if user.Verifypassword(oldpass):
user._hashkey = user.Genhashkey(newpass)
saveUsers(users)
else:
print('Your old password does not match!')
def verifyUser(username, password):
for user in users:
if user._username == username and user.Verifypassword(password):
return True
else:
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
users = []
loadUsers(users)
这是GUI模块:
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
import Settings
class loginWindow(QtGui.QDialog):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.lbl1 = QtGui.QLabel('Username')
self.lbl2 = QtGui.QLabel('Password')
self.username = QtGui.QLineEdit()
self.password = QtGui.QLineEdit()
self.okButton = QtGui.QPushButton("OK")
self.okButton.clicked.connect(self.tryLogin)
self.cancelButton = QtGui.QPushButton("Cancel")
grid = QtGui.QGridLayout()
grid.setSpacing(10)
grid.addWidget(self.lbl1, 1, 0)
grid.addWidget(self.username, 1, 1)
grid.addWidget(self.lbl2, 2, 0)
grid.addWidget(self.password, 2, 1)
grid.addWidget(self.okButton, 3, 1)
grid.addWidget(self.cancelButton, 3, 0)
self.setLayout(grid)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 2950, 150)
self.setWindowTitle('Login')
self.show()
def tryLogin(self):
print(self.username.text(), self.password.text())
if Settings.verifyUser(self.username.text(),self.password.text()):
print('it Woks')
else:
QtGui.QMessageBox.warning(
self, 'Error', 'Incorrect Username or Password')
class Window(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
users = []
Settings.loadUsers(users)
if loginWindow().exec_() == QtGui.QDialog.Accepted:
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
每个用户都是一个类,被放入一个列表中,然后当我只加载设置文件并验证登录是否正常时,使用pickle保存该列表,但是当我打开GUI模块并尝试验证它不允许我时,我得到的错误是:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users`Program\LoginGUI.py", line 53, in <module>
Settings.loadUsers(users)
File "C:\Users\Program\Settings.py", line 51, in loadUsers
temp = pickle.load(file)
AttributeError: Can't get attribute 'Manager' on <module '__main__' (built-in)>
如果在模块外部定义了一个类,该类的对象在pickle数据中, 你必须导入类
请先阅读zehnpaard提到的答案,以了解属性错误的原因。除了他已经提供的解决方案之外,在
python3
中,您可以使用pickle.Unpickler
类并重写find_class
方法,如下所述:问题是,您正在通过实际运行“设置”模块来选取设置中定义的对象,然后尝试从
GUI
模块中取消选取对象。请记住,pickle实际上并不存储关于类/对象如何构造的信息,并且在取消pickling时需要访问该类。有关详细信息,请参见wiki on using Pickle。
在pkl数据中,可以看到被引用的对象是
__main__.Manager
,因为在创建pickle文件时,“Settings”模块是main(即,运行“Settings”模块作为调用addUser
函数的主脚本)。然后,尝试在“Gui”中取消勾选,使该模块具有名称
__main__
,并在该模块中导入设置。当然,Manager类实际上是Settings.Manager
。但pkl文件不知道这一点,在__main__
中查找Manager类,并抛出AttributeError,因为它不存在(Settings.Manager
确实存在,但__main__.Manager
不存在)。下面是要演示的最小代码集。
class_def.py
模块:您可以运行上面的命令来生成pickle数据。
main_module.py
模块:您运行上面的命令试图打开pickle文件,这抛出的错误与您看到的大致相同。(略有不同,但我猜这是因为我使用的是Python2.7)
解决方案是:
Settings.addUser
,或从主模块调用class_def.main
)。这意味着pkl文件将对象保存为Settings.Manager
或class_def.Foo
,然后可以在GUI
`main\u module`命名空间中找到这些对象。选项1示例:
选项2示例:
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