为什么我的函数第二次从python while循环中调用时会崩溃？

Question

我试图在Python3.8中使用一个包含以下实体的简单系统来模拟细胞系统的Gillespies算法：酶、底物、酶-底物复合物、产物

我有以下代码，用于计算一系列反应的倾向函数，这些反应表示为数组的行：

propensity = np.zeros(len(LHS))

def propensity_calc(LHS, popul_num, stoch_rate):
    for row in range(len(LHS)):     
            a = stoch_rate[row]        
            for i in range(len(popul_num)):      
                if (popul_num[i] >= LHS[row, i]):             
                    binom_rxn = (binom(popul_num[i], LHS[row, i]))    
                    a = a*binom_rxn            
                else: 
                    a = 0   
                    break 
            propensity[row] = a
    return propensity.astype(float)

输入数组如下所示：

popul_num = np.array([200, 100, 0, 0])
LHS = np.array([[1,1,0,0], [0,0,1,0], [0,0,1,0]])
stoch_rate = np.array([0.0016, 0.0001, 0.1000])

函数按预期工作，直到我尝试在以下while循环中调用它：

while tao < tmax: 
propensity_calc(LHS, popul_num, stoch_rate)
a0 = sum(propensity)
if a0 <= 0:
    break
else:
    t = np.random.exponential(a0)   
    print(t)   
    # sample time system stays in given state from exponential distribution of the propensity sum. 
    if tao + t > tmax: 
        tao = tmax
        break
j = stats.rv_discrete(name="Reaction index", values=(num_rxn, rxn_probability)).rvs()   # array of reactions increasing by 1 until they get to the same length/size as rxn_probability
print(j)
tao = tao + t       
popul_num = popul_num + state_change_matrix[j]      # update state of system/ popul_num

while循环中的其他变量如下所示：

a0 = sum(propensity)

def prob_rxn_fires(propensity, a0):
prob = propensity/a0   
return prob 
rxn_probability = (prob_rxn_fires(propensity, a0))

num_rxn = np.arange(1, rxn_probability.size + 1).reshape(rxn_probability.shape)

当我在while循环中运行调用calc_-propensity函数的代码时，它通过while循环的第一次迭代，出现以下错误：

ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()

该错误首先在calc_倾向函数的下一行抛出：

if (popul_num[i] >= LHS[row, i]):

但是由于某种原因，代码一直在运行，直到它在calc_倾向函数中到达同一行，但是在第二个函数调用（while循环）中，我不明白为什么

干杯

Answer 1

似乎if语句中的值首先不用于if条件。您应该使用.any（）或.all（）函数。以下链接说明ValueError代表什么：

https://sopython.com/canon/119/the-truth-value-of-an-array-with-more-than-one-element-is-ambiguous/