Maya Python：通过Triple列表连接三个关节链

2024-04-29 07:49:59 发布

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我一直在尝试基于Antony Ward方法构建IKFK肢体的自动迁移脚本：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzHn_4ByyjY&t=10s

到目前为止，进展非常顺利：但我遇到了一个减速带。此脚本的工作原理很简单：

  1. 选择具有任意数量关节的关节链，然后点击“重命名关节链”

  2. 在文本字段中设置要生成的肢体的侧前缀和名称前缀，例如： 文本字段1：“左”文本字段2：“腿”

  3. “Inc From end”滑块确定关节链上IKFK切换控件的位置。零将其放在末端，每次向上递增都会使其沿关节链向上滑动

  4. 选择关节链的根并点击“构建模板”

脚本的停顿是第5步。我尝试创建一个三元组列表来约束IK和FK关节链之间的绑定关节链：但我不断遇到错误

“#错误：类型错误：文件d:/Users/Name/Documents/maya/2020/scripts\DS_03C_autoHumanArm.py第217行：只能将列表（而不是“str”）连接到列表#”

我需要它将起始关节、结束关节以及任意多个关节之间的子关节约束到各自的IK和FK副本，然后将反向节点的outputX连接到生成的父约束的w1属性，将生成的IKFK切换的IK_切换连接到生成的父约束的w0。问题发生在201线附近：

就我到目前为止所尝试的内容而言，如果这里详细介绍的双列表zip技术：Maya: Connect two Joint chains with Parent Constraint 但我不知道如何适应两个以上的关节链

'''
import DS_03C_autoHumanArm
reload (DS_03C_autoHumanArm)
DS_03C_autoHumanArm.gui()
'''

import maya.cmds as cmds
if cmds.window("moduleWin", exists =True):
    cmds.deleteUI("moduleWin", window = True)

myWindow = cmds.window("moduleWin",t='DS_joint_renamerV1',rtf=1,w=100, h=100, toolbox=True)
column = cmds.columnLayout(adj=True)

def gui():  
    #cmds.button(label='Print Instructions(Check Script Editor)',c=printInstructions)

    cmds.rowLayout(numberOfColumns = 3,adjustableColumn=2)
    cmds.textField('prefixText',it = 'lf',editable=True)
    cmds.textField('limbText',it='arm',editable=True)
    cmds.setParent('..')

    cmds.button( label="Rename Joint Chain",c=DS_module_rename)
    cmds.separator(h=9)

    cmds.columnLayout(adj=True)
    cmds.optionMenu('controlShape', label='Control Shape')
    cmds.menuItem( label='cog' )
    cmds.menuItem( label='cube' )
    cmds.menuItem( label='circle' )
    cmds.setParent('..')

    cmds.intSliderGrp('incDwnChain',
        label='Inc From End',
        min=0,
        max=10,
        value=1,
        field=True,
        columnWidth=[(1,80),(2,40),(3,150)])

    cmds.colorIndexSliderGrp('controlColor',
        label='Control Color',
        min=0,
        max=31,
        value=1,
        columnWidth=[(1,80),(2,40),(3,150)])

    cmds.button( label="Build Template",c=buildTemplate)
    cmds.separator(h=9)

    cmds.button( label="Finalise Limb",c=finaliseArm)
    cmds.separator(h=9)

    cmds.setParent('..')
    cmds.showWindow(myWindow)

def DS_module_rename(*args):
    namePref = cmds.textField('prefixText', query=True, text=True)
    limbPref = cmds.textField('limbText', query=True, text=True)
    ctlName = namePref+'_'+limbPref

    #list all joints in chain, this list will be refrenced by all the commands beneath it
    root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0]
    child = cmds.listRelatives(root,ad=1,type='joint')
    limbJnt = child

    #rename the arm joints
    for j, name in enumerate(child):
        cmds.rename(name,ctlName + 'AJ{0}_BIND_JNT'.format(len(child)-j))
        print(child)

    root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0]
    child = cmds.listRelatives(root,ad=1,f=True,children=True,type='joint')
    cmds.rename(child[0],ctlName +'AJ_BIND_END_JNT')
    cmds.rename(root,ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT')

def buildTemplate(*args):
    namePref = cmds.textField('prefixText', query=True, text=True)
    limbPref = cmds.textField('limbText', query=True, text=True)
    ctlName = namePref+'_'+limbPref

    shapePref = cmds.optionMenu('controlShape',query=True,value=True)
    incPref = cmds.intSliderGrp('incDwnChain',query=True,value=True)
    colorPref = cmds.colorIndexSliderGrp('controlColor',query=True,value=True) #this variable links to the color slider group in the GUI
    colorPref = colorPref -1 # this reverses the first variable to ensure you are getting the proper color from the color selector

    root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0] # adding a zero bracket makes sure it counts the head of the herarchy too
    #root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[-1] # the brackets negative one gets the end of a list
    child = cmds.listRelatives(root,ad=1,type='joint')
    limbJnt = child

    ctl = ctlName+'_ikfk_toggle'

    if shapePref == 'cog':
        cmds.circle(n=ctl,nr = (90,0,0))
    elif shapePref == 'cube':
        cmds.circle(n=ctl,nr = (90,0,0))
    elif shapePref == 'circle':
        cmds.circle(n=ctl,nr = (90,0,0))

    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='IK_Toggle',
        defaultValue=1.0,
        minValue=0,
        maxValue=1,
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='CONTROLS',
        at="enum",
        en="---------------:")
    cmds.setAttr(ctl + '.CONTROLS',
        k=True,
        lock=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='rotateAll',
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='Spread',
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='Scratch',
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)

    cmds.group(n=ctlName+ 'AttrOrient_GRP')

    #forLoop/list increment to last of joint chain to place the IKFK toggle
    cmds.select(ctlName+'AJ1_BIND_JNT')

    #snap ikfk toggle to proper point on the joint chain without parent constraint
    baseCon = cmds.parentConstraint(child[incPref],ctlName+'AttrOrient_GRP',mo=False)

    #set color of control
    cmds.setAttr(ctl + '.overrideEnabled', 1)
    cmds.setAttr(ctl + '.overrideColor', colorPref)#create a textfield for manually enterring the number of the color

    cmds.createNode('reverse',n= ctlName + '_reverseNode')

    cmds.connectAttr(ctl + '.IK_Toggle', ctlName + '_reverseNode.inputX' )

    #list all FK joints in chain
    fkChain = cmds.duplicate(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT', n= ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT')
    fkList = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
    for fkn, name in enumerate(fkList):
        cmds.rename(name, ctlName +'AJ{0}_FK_JNT'.format(len(fkList)-fkn))

        #select FK chain, then,set joints size for easy grabbing on FK chain
        cmds.select(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT')

        fkRoot = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0] 
        fkChild = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
        fkChild.append(fkRoot)

        for r in fkChild:
            cmds.setAttr(r + '.radius', 2.0)

    ikChain = cmds.duplicate(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT', n= ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT')
    ikList = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
    for fkn, name in enumerate(ikList):
        cmds.rename(name, ctlName +'AJ{0}_FK_JNT'.format(len(ikList)-fkn))

        #select FK chain, then,set joints size for easy grabbing on FK chain
        cmds.select(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT')

        ikRoot = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0] 
        ikChild = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
        ikChild.append(ikRoot)

        for r in ikChild:
            cmds.setAttr(r + '.radius', 2.5)

def finaliseArm(*args):
    namePref = cmds.textField('prefixText', query=True, text=True)
    limbPref = cmds.textField('limbText', query=True, text=True)
    ctlName = namePref+'_'+limbPref
    ctl = namePref+limbPref+'_ikfk_toggle'

    ikJntChain=cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT',ad=1,type='joint')
    ikJntChain.append(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT')
    ikJntChain.reverse()
    ikLimbJnt = ikJntChain

    print(ikJntChain)

    FKJntChain=cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT',ad=1,type='joint')
    FKJntChain.append(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT')
    FKJntChain.reverse()
    FKLimbJnt = FKJntChain

    print(FKJntChain)

    boundJntChain=cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT',ad=1,type='joint')
    boundJntChain.append(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT')
    boundJntChain.reverse()
    boundLimbJnt = boundJntChain

    print(boundJntChain)

    for ik_chain,fk_chain,bound_chain in zip(ikJntChain,FKJntChain,boundJntChain):
        spineCons = cmds.parentConstraint(ik_chain,fk_chain,bound_chain,mo=False)
        cmds.connectAttr(ctlName + '_reverseNode.outputX',spineCons+'.w1')
        cmds.connectAttr(ctl + '.IK_Toggle',spineCons+'.w0')

谢谢你的帮助


Tags： thechildtruechainstartlabelikctl
1条回答
网友
1楼 · 发布于 2024-04-29 07:49:59

您遇到的错误是，您试图将列表与字符串连接起来，而Python无法做到这一点。具体地说，spineCons是列表，您可以像这样简单地访问它的第一个索引spineCons[0]

但一旦你解决了这个问题，就会有更多的问题。 一个是您试图连接'.w1'以连接到父约束的权重属性，但这不是该属性的正确名称。您可以通过调用cmds.parentConstraint(spineCons[0], q=True, weightAliasList=True)来获取其属性名

另一个问题是，您有两个地方忘记将IK更改为FK，这导致在模板中构建了两个FK链

最后，最后一个问题是当您尝试连接ctl + '.IK_Toggle'时，因为该对象没有存在的属性。我没有在这一个挖太多，但要修复它，你只需要通过适当的对象

下面是脚本和修复程序。您可以在FIXME上进行搜索，查看我在哪里留下了评论：

'''
import DS_03C_autoHumanArm
reload (DS_03C_autoHumanArm)
DS_03C_autoHumanArm.gui()
'''

import maya.cmds as cmds
if cmds.window("moduleWin", exists =True):
    cmds.deleteUI("moduleWin", window = True)

myWindow = cmds.window("moduleWin",t='DS_joint_renamerV1',rtf=1,w=100, h=100, toolbox=True)
column = cmds.columnLayout(adj=True)

def gui():  
    #cmds.button(label='Print Instructions(Check Script Editor)',c=printInstructions)

    cmds.rowLayout(numberOfColumns = 3,adjustableColumn=2)
    cmds.textField('prefixText',it = 'lf',editable=True)
    cmds.textField('limbText',it='arm',editable=True)
    cmds.setParent('..')

    cmds.button( label="Rename Joint Chain",c=DS_module_rename)
    cmds.separator(h=9)

    cmds.columnLayout(adj=True)
    cmds.optionMenu('controlShape', label='Control Shape')
    cmds.menuItem( label='cog' )
    cmds.menuItem( label='cube' )
    cmds.menuItem( label='circle' )
    cmds.setParent('..')

    cmds.intSliderGrp('incDwnChain',
        label='Inc From End',
        min=0,
        max=10,
        value=1,
        field=True,
        columnWidth=[(1,80),(2,40),(3,150)])

    cmds.colorIndexSliderGrp('controlColor',
        label='Control Color',
        min=0,
        max=31,
        value=1,
        columnWidth=[(1,80),(2,40),(3,150)])

    cmds.button( label="Build Template",c=buildTemplate)
    cmds.separator(h=9)

    cmds.button( label="Finalise Limb",c=finaliseArm)
    cmds.separator(h=9)

    cmds.setParent('..')
    cmds.showWindow(myWindow)

def DS_module_rename(*args):
    namePref = cmds.textField('prefixText', query=True, text=True)
    limbPref = cmds.textField('limbText', query=True, text=True)
    ctlName = namePref+'_'+limbPref

    #list all joints in chain, this list will be refrenced by all the commands beneath it
    root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0]
    child = cmds.listRelatives(root,ad=1,type='joint')
    limbJnt = child

    #rename the arm joints
    for j, name in enumerate(child):
        cmds.rename(name,ctlName + 'AJ{0}_BIND_JNT'.format(len(child)-j))
        print(child)

    root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0]
    child = cmds.listRelatives(root,ad=1,f=True,children=True,type='joint')
    cmds.rename(child[0],ctlName +'AJ_BIND_END_JNT')
    cmds.rename(root,ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT')

def buildTemplate(*args):
    namePref = cmds.textField('prefixText', query=True, text=True)
    limbPref = cmds.textField('limbText', query=True, text=True)
    ctlName = namePref+'_'+limbPref

    shapePref = cmds.optionMenu('controlShape',query=True,value=True)
    incPref = cmds.intSliderGrp('incDwnChain',query=True,value=True)
    colorPref = cmds.colorIndexSliderGrp('controlColor',query=True,value=True) #this variable links to the color slider group in the GUI
    colorPref = colorPref -1 # this reverses the first variable to ensure you are getting the proper color from the color selector

    root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0] # adding a zero bracket makes sure it counts the head of the herarchy too
    #root = cmds.ls(sl=True)[-1] # the brackets negative one gets the end of a list
    child = cmds.listRelatives(root,ad=1,type='joint')
    limbJnt = child

    ctl = ctlName+'_ikfk_toggle'

    if shapePref == 'cog':
        cmds.circle(n=ctl,nr = (90,0,0))
    elif shapePref == 'cube':
        cmds.circle(n=ctl,nr = (90,0,0))
    elif shapePref == 'circle':
        cmds.circle(n=ctl,nr = (90,0,0))

    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='IK_Toggle',
        defaultValue=1.0,
        minValue=0,
        maxValue=1,
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='CONTROLS',
        at="enum",
        en="       -:")
    cmds.setAttr(ctl + '.CONTROLS',
        k=True,
        lock=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='rotateAll',
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='Spread',
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)
    cmds.addAttr(ctl,
        ln='Scratch',
        attributeType='float', 
        keyable=True)

    cmds.group(n=ctlName+ 'AttrOrient_GRP')

    #forLoop/list increment to last of joint chain to place the IKFK toggle
    cmds.select(ctlName+'AJ1_BIND_JNT')

    #snap ikfk toggle to proper point on the joint chain without parent constraint
    baseCon = cmds.parentConstraint(child[incPref],ctlName+'AttrOrient_GRP',mo=False)

    #set color of control
    cmds.setAttr(ctl + '.overrideEnabled', 1)
    cmds.setAttr(ctl + '.overrideColor', colorPref)#create a textfield for manually enterring the number of the color

    cmds.createNode('reverse',n= ctlName + '_reverseNode')

    cmds.connectAttr(ctl + '.IK_Toggle', ctlName + '_reverseNode.inputX' )

    #list all FK joints in chain
    fkChain = cmds.duplicate(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT', n= ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT')
    fkList = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
    for fkn, name in enumerate(fkList):
        cmds.rename(name, ctlName +'AJ{0}_FK_JNT'.format(len(fkList)-fkn))

        #select FK chain, then,set joints size for easy grabbing on FK chain
        cmds.select(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT')

        fkRoot = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0] 
        fkChild = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
        fkChild.append(fkRoot)

        for r in fkChild:
            cmds.setAttr(r + '.radius', 2.0)

    ikChain = cmds.duplicate(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT', n= ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT')
    ikList = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
    for fkn, name in enumerate(ikList):
        cmds.rename(name, ctlName +'AJ{0}_IK_JNT'.format(len(ikList)-fkn))  # FIXME: This should be ik!

        #select FK chain, then,set joints size for easy grabbing on FK chain
        cmds.select(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT')

        ikRoot = cmds.ls(sl=True)[0] 
        ikChild = cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT', ad=True,pa=True)
        ikChild.append(ikRoot)

        for r in ikChild:
            cmds.setAttr(r + '.radius', 2.5)

def finaliseArm(*args):
    namePref = cmds.textField('prefixText', query=True, text=True)
    limbPref = cmds.textField('limbText', query=True, text=True)
    ctlName = namePref+'_'+limbPref
    ctl = namePref+limbPref+'_ikfk_toggle'

    ikJntChain=cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT',ad=1,type='joint')
    ikJntChain.append(ctlName +'AJ_IK_START_JNT')
    ikJntChain.reverse()
    ikLimbJnt = ikJntChain

    print(ikJntChain)

    FKJntChain=cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT',ad=1,type='joint')
    FKJntChain.append(ctlName +'AJ_FK_START_JNT')  # FIXME: This was using IK before!
    FKJntChain.reverse()
    FKLimbJnt = FKJntChain

    print(FKJntChain)

    boundJntChain=cmds.listRelatives(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT',ad=1,type='joint')
    boundJntChain.append(ctlName +'AJ_BIND_START_JNT')
    boundJntChain.reverse()
    boundLimbJnt = boundJntChain

    print(boundJntChain)

    for ik_chain,fk_chain,bound_chain in zip(ikJntChain,FKJntChain,boundJntChain):
        spineCons = cmds.parentConstraint(ik_chain,fk_chain,bound_chain,mo=False)
        weightAttrs = cmds.parentConstraint(spineCons[0], q=True, weightAliasList=True)  # FIXME: Get constraint weight attribute names.
        cmds.connectAttr(ctlName + '_reverseNode.outputX',spineCons[0] + '.' + weightAttrs[1])  # FIXME: `spineCons` is a list, so make sure to access its first index.
        cmds.connectAttr(ctl + '.IK_Toggle',spineCons[0] + '.' + weightAttrs[0])  # FIXME: This will error because `IK_Toggle` doesn't exist

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