在if\uu name\uuuu=='\uu main\uuuu'：b中指定自变量很麻烦

Question

当我运行程序时，我希望它运行start_game(self)。为此，必须运行构造函数。否则，对象就不存在，因此它们的方法就无法运行。到目前为止，很清楚。基本上，我很难正确地“开始”这个过程

from Surface import Surface
from Pellet import Pellet
from Pacman import Pacman
from Ghost import Ghost
from Timer import Timer


class Controls:
    def __init__(self):
        global the_surface
        the_surface = Surface(self)

        the_pellets = []

        for y in range(0, 8):
            for x in range(0, 14):
                pellet = Pellet(x, y)
                the_pellets.append(pellet)

        global the_pacman
        the_pacman = Pacman(the_pellets)

        the_ghosts = []
        for ghost in range(0, 3):
            the_ghosts.append(Ghost())

        global the_timer
        the_timer = Timer(self, 200)

    # [...]

    def start_game(self):
        self.__init_game_objects()
        Timer.start(the_timer)
        return

    def tick_timer(self):
        Pacman.move(the_pacman)
        return

    # http://stackoverflow.com/a/419185
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        # need to run start_game()

我尝试过的（以下所有内容都在if __name__ [...]行之后，每个项目符号代表一次尝试。）

第一次尝试：

the_controls = Controls()
the_controls.start_game(the_controls)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Controls.py", line 8, in <module>
    class Controls:
  File "Controls.py", line 53, in Controls
    the_controls = Controls()
NameError: name 'Controls' is not defined

第二次尝试：

__init__('Controls')
self.start_game(self)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Controls.py", line 8, in <module>
    class Controls:
  File "Controls.py", line 54, in Controls
    self.start_game(self)
NameError: name 'self' is not defined

第三次尝试（由@TigerhawkT3建议）

the_controls = Controls()
the_controls.start_game()

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Controls.py", line 8, in <module>
    class Controls:
  File "Controls.py", line 53, in Controls
    the_controls = Controls()
NameError: name 'Controls' is not defined

Answer 1

似乎代码中存在缩进错误：if __name__ == '__main__':是在类中定义的。如果希望在导入文件/模块时执行它，则需要在该文件/模块的global命名空间（意思是：没有缩进）的类外部定义它

Answer 2

实例本身是自动传递的。使用以下选项：

the_controls = Controls()
the_controls.start_game()

这与您可能熟悉的其他对象方法类似：

'hello world'.upper()

你也可以这样写：

the_controls = Controls()
Controls.start_game(the_controls)

或者这个：

str.upper('hello world')

但前者比后者更受欢迎