我有以下数据和标签,我通过主成分分析转换。 标签仅为0或1。你知道吗
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
fields = ["Occupancy", "Temperature", "Humidity", "Light", "CO2", "HumidityRatio", "NSM", "WeekStatus"]
df = pd.read_csv('datatraining-updated.csv', skipinitialspace=True, usecols=fields, sep=',')
#Get the output from pandas as a numpy matrix
final_data=df.values
#Data
X = final_data[:,1:8]
#Labels
y = final_data[:,0]
#Normalize features
X_scaled = StandardScaler().fit_transform(X)
#Apply PCA on them
pca = PCA(n_components=7).fit(X_scaled)
#Transform them with PCA
X_reduced = pca.transform(X_scaled)
然后,我只想在一个3D图中,展示3个方差最大的PCA特征,我可以找到它们如下
#Show variable importance
importance = pca.explained_variance_ratio_
print('Explained variation per principal component:
{}'.format(importance))
之后,我只想绘制前3个方差最高的特征。所以,我之前在下面的代码中选择了它们
X_reduced=X_reduced[:, [0, 4, 5]]
好吧,这是我的问题:我可以在没有传说的情况下绘制它们。当我试图用下面的代码绘制它们时
# Create plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
colors = ("red", "gray")
for data, color, group in zip(X_reduced, colors, y):
dim1,dim2,dim3=data
ax.scatter(dim1, dim2, dim3, c=color, edgecolors='none',
label=group)
plt.title('Matplot 3d scatter plot')
plt.legend(y)
plt.show()
我得到以下错误:
plot_data-3d-pca.py:56: UserWarning: Requested projection is different from current axis projection, creating new axis with requested projection.
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
plot_data-3d-pca.py:56: MatplotlibDeprecationWarning: Adding an axes using the same arguments as a previous axes currently reuses the earlier instance. In a future version, a new instance will always be created and returned. Meanwhile, this warning can be suppressed, and the future behavior ensured, by passing a unique label to each axes instance.
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3.py", line 307, in idle_draw
self.draw()
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3agg.py", line 76, in draw
self._render_figure(allocation.width, allocation.height)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk3agg.py", line 20, in _render_figure
backend_agg.FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 388, in draw
self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 38, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1709, in draw
renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py", line 135, in _draw_list_compositing_images
a.draw(renderer)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 38, in draw_wrapper
return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py", line 292, in draw
reverse=True)):
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py", line 291, in <lambda>
key=lambda col: col.do_3d_projection(renderer),
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/art3d.py", line 545, in do_3d_projection
ecs = (_zalpha(self._edgecolor3d, vzs) if self._depthshade else
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/art3d.py", line 847, in _zalpha
rgba = np.broadcast_to(mcolors.to_rgba_array(colors), (len(zs), 4))
File "<__array_function__ internals>", line 6, in broadcast_to
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py", line 182, in broadcast_to
return _broadcast_to(array, shape, subok=subok, readonly=True)
File "/home/unica-server/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py", line 127, in _broadcast_to
op_flags=['readonly'], itershape=shape, order='C')
ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with remapped shapes [original->remapped]: (0,4) and requested shape (1,4)
我的y的形状是(8143,)和X的形状是(8143,3)
我犯了什么错?你知道吗
编辑:我使用的数据可以找到here
第一个警告
Requested projection is different from current axis projection
是因为您正试图在用ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
创建轴之后更改轴的投影,但您不能。改为在创建时设置投影。你知道吗要修复第二个错误,请将
edgecolors='none'
替换为edgecolors=None
。你知道吗下面更正的代码适用于我。你知道吗
编辑:以上是我对原问题理解的答案。下面是mad自己的答案的循环版本。你知道吗
我用另一种方法解决了这个错误。你知道吗
我不知道,对于每个标签,我必须做不同的散点图。多亏了this post我找到了答案。你知道吗
我的解决方案是首先从一个类中分离标签和数据,然后对另一个类执行相同的操作。最后,我用不同的散点图分别绘制它们。因此,首先我识别不同的标签(我只有两个标签,0或1)和它们的数据(它们对应的Xs)。你知道吗
然后,我将在不同的散点图中绘制每个类的PCA缩减向量
这给了我一个美丽的画面
当然,这样的代码也可以用for循环来简化(尽管我不知道怎么做)。你知道吗
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