如何在Python类中引用Tkinter组件
我创建了几个列表框(listbox)控件,选择一个框中的一些项目,然后按下面的按钮,就可以把这些项目移动到另一个框里。
这个功能运行得很好,但我想重复使用这个容器框,因为这两个框的布局是一样的(除了标题标签和按钮按下后的功能)。所以我把除了按钮功能以外的所有代码都移到了一个叫“ColumnSelector”的类里。
不过,要把数据从一个“ColumnSelector”移动到另一个,我需要引用这些实例里面的列表框。下面是我想做的结构,但我不确定这样是否可行。
我尝试过其他方法,比如在ColumnSelector类外创建列表框并传递进去,但这样做也遇到了问题。
那么,引用其他类实例里面的控件,最好的方法是什么呢?
# Data to be included in second listbox widget
startingSelection = ('Argentina', 'Australia', 'Belgium', 'Brazil', 'Canada', 'China', 'Denmark')
# Two functions performed by the ColumnSelectors
def removeSelected(*args):
idxs = selectedColumns.listBox.curselection() # <- Does not reference correctly
if len(idxs)>=1:
for n in reversed(range(len(idxs))):
idx = int(idxs[n])
item = selectedColumns.listBox.get(idx)
selectedColumns.listBox.delete(idx)
availableColumns.listBox.insert(availableColumns.listBox.size(), item)
def addSelected(*args):
idxs = availableColumns.listBox.curselection() #<- Does not reference correctly
if len(idxs)>=1:
for n in reversed(range(len(idxs))):
idx = int(idxs[n])
item = availableColumns.listBox.get(idx)
availableColumns.listBox.delete(idx)
selectedColumns.listBox.insert(selectedColumns.listBox.size(), item)
# Create ColumnSelectors, pass heading title and function to perform
selectedColumns = ColumnSelector(self, "Columns to include in export", (), removeSelected).grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N,W))
availableColumns = ColumnSelector(self, "Available Columns", startingSelection, addSelected).grid(column=1, row=0, sticky=(N,W))
class ColumnSelector(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, labelText, startingSelection, function ):
listBox = Listbox(self, height=5, selectmode='multiple')
removeColumnsButton = ttk.Button(self, text="Move", command=function)
#(etc...)
1 个回答
3
在其他类的实例中,引用小部件的最佳方法是什么?
我觉得这种情况最常见的用法是重复使用一个对象很多次,就像你在一个框架内设置的一些列表框一样。在这种情况下,我认为你应该把尽可能多的可重复代码放在子类中,并在其中创建一个方法,返回你想要的内容。当你在主类中创建子类的实例时,就可以在需要的时候访问它的方法(比如,selectedColumns.get_all_listbox_values()
)。
你需要记住的一件事是,如果你在同一行中创建并布局实例,它将无法正常工作:
不可以
selectedColumns = ColumnSelector(self, "Columns to include in export", (), removeSelected).grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N,W))
selectedColumns.get_all_listbox_values()
>>> AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_all_listbox_values'
可以
selectedColumns = ColumnSelector(self, "Columns to include in export", (), removeSelected)
selectedColumns.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N,W))
selectedColumns.get_all_listbox_values()
>>> (0, 1, 2, etc)
下面是设置你脚本的一种方式的示例。这里有一个主类(App
)和另一个从框架(MyEntry
)继承的类,可以在App
中多次使用。App
类中有一个按钮,可以打印出MyEntry
中一个方法的结果,该方法计算几个值。希望这能给你一些关于如何构建代码的想法。
class App(Frame):
'''the main window class'''
def __init__(self, parent):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# create instances of MyEntry, passing whatever operators as args
# we can make as many of these instances as we need in just a couple of lines
# and it retains readability
self.divide = MyEntry(self, '/')
self.multiply = MyEntry(self, '*')
self.divide.pack()
self.multiply.pack()
Button(self, text='Calculate', command=self._print_result).pack()
def _print_result(self):
'''print the return of the calculate method from the instances of
the MyEntry class'''
print self.divide.calculate()
print self.multiply.calculate()
class MyEntry(Frame):
'''creates two entries and a label and has a method to calculate
the entries based on an operator'''
def __init__(self, parent, operator): # include the operator as an arg
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
# make an instance variable from the operator to access it between methods
self.operator = operator
# make two entries
self.num1 = Entry(self)
self.num2 = Entry(self)
# grid the entries and a label which contains the operator
self.num1.grid(row=0, column=0)
Label(self, text=self.operator).grid(row=0, column=1)
self.num2.grid(row=0, column=2)
def calculate(self):
'''return the value of the two entries based on the operator specified'''
if self.operator is '/':
return int(self.num1.get()) / int(self.num2.get())
elif self.operator is '*':
return int(self.num1.get()) * int(self.num2.get())
else:
return
root = Tk()
App(root).pack()
mainloop()