我需要在我的井字棋程序中创建一个随机下O的AI

Question

我在网上查了一些关于人工智能的问题，发现每个AI都是针对特定程序的，而且没有一个能帮到我。

我想让电脑在我下完X之后，随机画O。我听说“最小最大算法”可能有帮助，但我不太明白这个算法。毕竟我还是编程初学者。

我该如何让电脑在我下完第一步（用户是X）后自动画O呢？

这是我目前的井字棋程序。文档字符串和注释会告诉你更多关于这个程序的信息。

import turtle

#I need to fix the positions of the X and O's so that they draw more perfectly into the squares of the board.
class TicTacToe:
    def __init__(self):
        self.u__init_board = []

    def draw_board():
        '''draws a tic-tac-toe board over the 9 turtle squares'''
        t=turtle.Turtle()
        t.ht() # makes the turtle invisable
        t.up()
        t.goto(-40,-40)
        t.down()
        t.forward(240)
        t.left(90)
        t.forward(240)
        t.left(90)
        t.forward(240)
        t.left(90)
        t.forward(80)
        t.left(90)
        t.forward(240)
        t.right(90)
        t.forward(80)
        t.right(90)
        t.forward(240)
        t.left(90)
        t.goto(-40,-40)
        t.left(180)
        t.forward(160)
        t.up()
        t.goto(40,-40)
        t.down()
        t.forward(240)
        t.right(90)
        t.forward(80)
        t.right(90)
        t.forward(240)

    def setup_board():
        '''Creates 3 rows of 3 turtles using range(0, 240, 80); turtle.Turtle(); up(); shape('square'); shapesize(4, 4, 4);
        color('white'); goto(x, y). Each turtle is registered to respond to click events using onclick(mark).
        Calls draw_grid() once the 9 turtles are on the board.'''
        for y in range(0,240,80):
            for x in range (0,240,80):
             t=turtle.Turtle()
             t.up()
             t.shape('square')
             t.shapesize(4,4,4,)
             t.color('white')
             t.goto(x,y)
             t.onclick(TicTacToe.mark)
        TicTacToe.draw_board()

    def mark(x, y):

        '''Function is invoked whenever a turtle registered to respond to click event is clicked. Creates a turtle and draws
        either a circle or an x centered on the x, y coordinates of the click.
        Be sure to set circle to False once the circle is drawn and to True once the x is drawn. '''
        ct = turtle.Turtle()
        ct.ht() #hides the turtle (makes the turtle invisable)
        ct.up()
        global circle
        if circle:
            turtle.penup()
            #turtle.speed(0)
            turtle.goto(x,y)
            turtle.down()
            turtle.circle(30)
            turtle.left(45)
            circle = False
        else:
            turtle.up()
            #turtle.speed(0)
            turtle.goto(x,y)
            turtle.down()
            turtle.left(45)
            turtle.forward(40)
            turtle.left(180)
            turtle.forward(80)
            turtle.left(180)
            turtle.forward(40)
            turtle.left(90)
            turtle.forward(40)
            turtle.left(180)
            turtle.forward(80)
            circle = True

    def main():
        wn = turtle.Screen()
        wn.title('OG Tic Tac Toe')
        wn.bgcolor("red")
        global circle
        circle = False
        TicTacToe.setup_board()
        return 'Done'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    TicTacToe.main()
    turtle.TK.mainloop()

Answer 1

一些通用建议：

把逻辑和界面分开，这样你就会发现有一个由9个方块组成的网格，有些是空的，有些是X，有些是O。你可以保持一个空方块的列表，然后随机选择一个，画上你的O，并从列表中把它移除。就是这么简单！

代码大纲：

#### GUI Stuff ####
def DrawBoard():
    """ Draw The Blank Board and Connect The Mouse Hander """

def DrawSymbol(TileNo, XorO):
    """ Draw the required X or O symbol in tile number 0..9 """

def OnMouseClick():
    """ Convert the mouse click event to a tile number in the range 0..8 and call Square Picked as a user."""

def ShowWin(WinningTiles):
    """ Highlight the winning list of tiles """

### Game Logic ###
def SquarePicked(Square, UserOrComputer):
    """
    When a given square is picked check if it has already been taken, if it has then return false otherwise call update square and return true 
    """

def UpdateSquare(Square, UserOrComputer):
    """
    Update the list of squares to show it taken, update the board, then call check for win
    if it returns false and this was a user go call computer go.
    """

def CheckForWin():
    """
    Run through the list of squares to check for a win and if it has happened call ShowWin.
    """

def ComputerGo():
    """
    Pick a (random)) square from those not taken and call square picked.
    """