如何在Python请求中禁用安全证书检查

Question

我正在使用

import requests
requests.post(url='https://foo.example', data={'bar':'baz'})

但是我遇到了一个请求错误，提示SSLError。这个网站的证书已经过期了，但我并不发送任何敏感数据，所以对我来说没关系。我想应该有一个类似'verify=False'的参数可以使用，但我找不到。

Answer 1

在补充一下Blender的回答，你可以通过设置 Session.verify = False 来关闭所有请求的SSL证书验证。

import requests

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

需要注意的是，urllib3（这是Requests库使用的）强烈不建议进行未验证的HTTPS请求，并且会抛出一个 InsecureRequestWarning 的警告。

Answer 2

使用 requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings() 和在 requests 方法中设置 verify=False。

import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

# Suppress only the single warning from urllib3 needed.
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)

# Set `verify=False` on `requests.post`.
requests.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'}, verify=False)

Answer 3

来自文档的内容：

requests库可以通过将verify设置为False来忽略SSL证书的验证。

>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False)
<Response [200]>

如果你在使用一个第三方模块，并且想要关闭这些检查，这里有一个上下文管理器，它会修改requests，让verify=False成为默认设置，并且不会显示警告。

import warnings
import contextlib

import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings

@contextlib.contextmanager
def no_ssl_verification():
    opened_adapters = set()

    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
        # Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close
        # all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of
        # verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager.
        opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url))

        settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)
        settings['verify'] = False

        return settings

    requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings

    try:
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning)
            yield
    finally:
        requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings

        for adapter in opened_adapters:
            try:
                adapter.close()
            except:
                pass

使用方法如下：

with no_ssl_verification():
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
    print('It works')

    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
    print('Even if you try to force it to')

requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False)
print('It resets back')

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = True

with no_ssl_verification():
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
    print('Works even here')

try:
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks')

try:
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks here again')

请注意，当你离开这个上下文管理器时，这段代码会关闭所有处理过的请求的适配器。这是因为requests会为每个会话维护一个连接池，而证书验证只会在每个连接中进行一次，所以可能会出现一些意想不到的情况：

>>> import requests
>>> session = requests.Session()
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>
>>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True)
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning)
<Response [200]>