如何获取Python中异常类型的错误编号(Errno)列表？

Question

对于某种特定的异常类型（比如说IOError），我想知道怎么才能提取出所有的错误编号和对应的描述，像这样：

错误编号 2: 没有这样的文件或目录

错误编号 122: 磁盘配额超出

...

Answer 1

我担心这些内容直接来自标准的C语言库，所以你需要查一下你系统的文档。（比如GLibC、微软的库、UNIX等）

Answer 2

正如其他人所说，你应该查看你系统中的 <errno.h> 文件。

如果你想用 Python 来做这件事：

import errno
print errno.errorcode

输出结果将会是

{1: 'EPERM', 2: 'ENOENT', 3: 'ESRCH', 4: 'EINTR', 5: 'EIO', 6: 'ENXIO', 7: 'E2BIG', 8: 'ENOEXEC', 9: 'EBADF', 10: 'ECHILD', 11: 'EDEADLK', 12: 'ENOMEM', 13: 'EACCES', 14: 'EFAULT', 15: 'ENOTBLK', 16: 'EBUSY', 17: 'EEXIST', 18: 'EXDEV', 19: 'ENODEV', 20: 'ENOTDIR', 21: 'EISDIR', 22: 'EINVAL', 23: 'ENFILE', 24: 'EMFILE', 25: 'ENOTTY', 26: 'ETXTBSY', 27: 'EFBIG', 28: 'ENOSPC', 29: 'ESPIPE', 30: 'EROFS', 31: 'EMLINK', 32: 'EPIPE', 33: 'EDOM', 34: 'ERANGE', 35: 'EAGAIN', 36: 'EINPROGRESS', 37: 'EALREADY', 38: 'ENOTSOCK', 39: 'EDESTADDRREQ', 40: 'EMSGSIZE', 41: 'EPROTOTYPE', 42: 'ENOPROTOOPT', 43: 'EPROTONOSUPPORT', 44: 'ESOCKTNOSUPPORT', 46: 'EPFNOSUPPORT', 47: 'EAFNOSUPPORT', 48: 'EADDRINUSE', 49: 'EADDRNOTAVAIL', 50: 'ENETDOWN', 51: 'ENETUNREACH', 52: 'ENETRESET', 53: 'ECONNABORTED', 54: 'ECONNRESET', 55: 'ENOBUFS', 56: 'EISCONN', 57: 'ENOTCONN', 58: 'ESHUTDOWN', 59: 'ETOOMANYREFS', 60: 'ETIMEDOUT', 61: 'ECONNREFUSED', 62: 'ELOOP', 63: 'ENAMETOOLONG', 64: 'EHOSTDOWN', 65: 'EHOSTUNREACH', 66: 'ENOTEMPTY', 68: 'EUSERS', 69: 'EDQUOT', 70: 'ESTALE', 71: 'EREMOTE', 77: 'ENOLCK', 78: 'ENOSYS', 84: 'EOVERFLOW', 90: 'EIDRM', 91: 'ENOMSG', 92: 'EILSEQ', 94: 'EBADMSG', 95: 'EMULTIHOP', 96: 'ENODATA', 97: 'ENOLINK', 98: 'ENOSR', 99: 'ENOSTR', 100: 'EPROTO', 101: 'ETIME', 102: 'EOPNOTSUPP'}

Answer 3

因为不同的平台有不同的错误代码，而且用户的语言也可能不同，所以通常最好是按照正常的方式打印出异常信息。

不过，如果你真的想要查看这个列表：

补充：

对于python2：

import os
import errno
    
print {i:os.strerror(i) for i in sorted(errno.errorcode)}

对于python3：

import os
import errno
from pprint import pprint

pprint( {i:os.strerror(i) for i in sorted(errno.errorcode)} )

在OS X上打印的内容：

{1: 'Operation not permitted', 2: 'No such file or directory',
 3: 'No such process', 4: 'Interrupted system call',
 5: 'Input/output error', 6: 'Device not configured',
 7: 'Argument list too long', 8: 'Exec format error',
 9: 'Bad file descriptor', 10: 'No child processes',
 11: 'Resource deadlock avoided', 12: 'Cannot allocate memory',
 13: 'Permission denied', 14: 'Bad address', 15: 'Block device required',
 16: 'Resource busy', 17: 'File exists', 18: 'Cross-device link',
 19: 'Operation not supported by device', 20: 'Not a directory',
 21: 'Is a directory', 22: 'Invalid argument',
 23: 'Too many open files in system', 24: 'Too many open files',
 25: 'Inappropriate ioctl for device', 26: 'Text file busy',
 27: 'File too large', 28: 'No space left on device', 29: 'Illegal seek',
 30: 'Read-only file system', 31: 'Too many links', 32: 'Broken pipe',
 33: 'Numerical argument out of domain', 34: 'Result too large',
 35: 'Resource temporarily unavailable', 36: 'Operation now in progress',
 37: 'Operation already in progress', 38: 'Socket operation on non-socket',
 39: 'Destination address required', 40: 'Message too long',
 41: 'Protocol wrong type for socket', 42: 'Protocol not available',
 43: 'Protocol not supported', 44: 'Socket type not supported',
 46: 'Protocol family not supported',
 47: 'Address family not supported by protocol family',
 48: 'Address already in use', 49: "Can't assign requested address",
 50: 'Network is down', 51: 'Network is unreachable',
 52: 'Network dropped connection on reset',
 53: 'Software caused connection abort', 54: 'Connection reset by peer',
 55: 'No buffer space available', 56: 'Socket is already connected',
 57: 'Socket is not connected', 58: "Can't send after socket shutdown",
 59: "Too many references: can't splice", 60: 'Operation timed out',
 61: 'Connection refused', 62: 'Too many levels of symbolic links',
 63: 'File name too long', 64: 'Host is down', 65: 'No route to host',
 66: 'Directory not empty', 68: 'Too many users',
 69: 'Disc quota exceeded', 70: 'Stale NFS file handle',
 71: 'Too many levels of remote in path', 77: 'No locks available',
 78: 'Function not implemented',
 84: 'Value too large to be stored in data type', 90: 'Identifier removed',
 91: 'No message of desired type', 92: 'Illegal byte sequence',
 94: 'Bad message', 95: 'EMULTIHOP (Reserved)',
 96: 'No message available on STREAM', 97: 'ENOLINK (Reserved)',
 98: 'No STREAM resources', 99: 'Not a STREAM', 100: 'Protocol error',
 101: 'STREAM ioctl timeout', 102: 'Operation not supported on socket'}