如何在web.py中解码来自github的POST数据？

Question

这个问题和那个问题有关系，但不完全一样。

这是我从GitHub钩子（hook）收到的POST数据：

payload=%7B%22pusher%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22none%22%7D%2C%22repository%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22test%22%2C%22size%22%3A84%2C%22has_wiki%22%3Atrue%2C%22created_at%22%3A%222012%2F01%2F12%2001%3A04%3A25%20-0800%22%2C%22watchers%22%3A1%2C%22private%22%3Afalse%2C%22fork%22%3Afalse%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgonvaled%2Ftest%22%2C%22pushed_at%22%3A%222012%2F01%2F12%2001%3A05%3A26%20-0800%22%2C%22has_downloads%22%3Atrue%2C%22open_issues%22%3A0%2C%22has_issues%22%3Atrue%2C%22homepage%22%3A%22%22%2C%22description%22%3A%22%22%2C%22forks%22%3A1%2C%22owner%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22gonvaled%22%2C%22email%22%3A%22gonvaled%40gonvaled.com%22%7D%7D%2C%22forced%22%3Afalse%2C%22after%22%3A%2214209371dcbdd95cc3ef5c4a07d80edd42f1295c%22%2C%22deleted%22%3Afalse%2C%22ref%22%3A%22refs%2Fheads%2Fmaster%22%2C%22commits%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22before%22%3A%2214209371dcbdd95cc3ef5c4a07d80edd42f1295c%22%2C%22compare%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgonvaled%2Ftest%2Fcompare%2F1420937...1420937%22%2C%22created%22%3Afalse%7D

我可以用这个来解码：

urllib.unquote(data)

得到的结果是：

payload={"pusher":{"name":"none"},"repository":{"name":"test","size":84,"has_wiki":true,"created_at":"2012/01/12 01:04:25 -0800","watchers":1,"private":false,"fork":false,"url":"https://github.com/gonvaled/test","pushed_at":"2012/01/12 01:05:26 -0800","has_downloads":true,"open_issues":0,"has_issues":true,"homepage":"","description":"","forks":1,"owner":{"name":"gonvaled","email":"gonvaled@gonvaled.com"}},"forced":false,"after":"14209371dcbdd95cc3ef5c4a07d80edd42f1295c","deleted":false,"ref":"refs/heads/master","commits":[],"before":"14209371dcbdd95cc3ef5c4a07d80edd42f1295c","compare":"https://github.com/gonvaled/test/compare/1420937...1420937","created":false}

我可以看到在payload=后面有JSON数据。我的问题是：完整的数据是什么格式？我怎么才能只获取到payload部分，使用标准的Python库；我希望能避免自己去拆分字符串，因为我不知道有哪些特殊情况。

GitHub帮助页面给出了一个Sinatra服务器的实现建议：

post '/' do
  push = JSON.parse(params[:payload])
  "I got some JSON: #{push.inspect}"
end

那么这个params数组在Python中应该怎么处理，使用标准库？最符合Python风格的实现方式是什么？我的最终目标是将完整的POST数据作为一个Python字典来访问。

Answer 1

import urlparse
import json
s = "payload=%7B%22pusher%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22none%22%7D%2C%22repository%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22test%22%2C%22size%22%3A84%2C%22has_wiki%22%3Atrue%2C%22created_at%22%3A%222012%2F01%2F12%2001%3A04%3A25%20-0800%22%2C%22watchers%22%3A1%2C%22private%22%3Afalse%2C%22fork%22%3Afalse%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgonvaled%2Ftest%22%2C%22pushed_at%22%3A%222012%2F01%2F12%2001%3A05%3A26%20-0800%22%2C%22has_downloads%22%3Atrue%2C%22open_issues%22%3A0%2C%22has_issues%22%3Atrue%2C%22homepage%22%3A%22%22%2C%22description%22%3A%22%22%2C%22forks%22%3A1%2C%22owner%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22gonvaled%22%2C%22email%22%3A%22gonvaled%40gonvaled.com%22%7D%7D%2C%22forced%22%3Afalse%2C%22after%22%3A%2214209371dcbdd95cc3ef5c4a07d80edd42f1295c%22%2C%22deleted%22%3Afalse%2C%22ref%22%3A%22refs%2Fheads%2Fmaster%22%2C%22commits%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22before%22%3A%2214209371dcbdd95cc3ef5c4a07d80edd42f1295c%22%2C%22compare%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgonvaled%2Ftest%2Fcompare%2F1420937...1420937%22%2C%22created%22%3Afalse%7D"
L = urlparse.parse_qsl(s)
for k, v in L:
    print k
    print json.loads(v)

给出

payload
{u'forced': False, u'compare': u'https://github.com/gonvaled/...1420937', ... 
 u'before': u'14209371dcbdd95cc3ef5c4a07d80edd42f1295c'}

Answer 2

试试这个：

import json
import urlparse
data = urlparse.parse_qs(r)
print json.loads(r['payload'][0])

这里的 r 是你收到的响应字符串。

可以查看这个链接了解更多信息：http://docs.python.org/library/urlparse.html#urlparse.parse_qs