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如何向Chrome扩展发送数据？

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1 回答
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提问于 2025-04-17 05:14

我正在为我的书签扩展开发用户认证功能。这个扩展使用的是 Google App Engine（Python）作为后台，网址是 http://ting-1.appspot.com/。

扩展第一次运行时，background.html 会在新标签页中打开 options.html，用户需要输入他们的电子邮件地址。我打算这样把电子邮件地址发送到应用程序（还没试过）：

in options.html
---------------

var formData = new FormData();

formData.append("extension_user", userEmail);

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST", "http://ting-1.appspot.com/authsender", true);
xhr.send(formData);

在应用程序中，AuthSender 负责向用户发送确认邮件：

class AuthSender(webapp.RequestHandler):
    def post(self):
        new_user = self.request.get("extension_user") 
        mail.send_mail(
        sender="Ting <ting@gmail.com>",
        to=new_user,
        subject="Ting Bookmarking: confirm your email",
        body="""click on the link below to confirm your email: 
<a href="http://ting-1.appspot.com/authHandler"></a> 

Happy Bookmarking!""")

如果用户点击邮件中的链接，应用程序中的 AuthReceive 处理程序会处理这个请求，并向扩展发送确认。但我还没弄明白怎么把确认信息发送回扩展。

当用户点击链接时，我该如何把确认信息发送回扩展呢？我需要再次使用 XMLHttpRequest 吗？怎么做？扩展里需要放什么样的监听器？

下面是应用程序中 AuthReceive 处理程序的草图：

class AuthReceive(InboundMailHandler):
    def receive(self, message):

#---------------------------------------
        #receive email // I know this part
        #send confirmation to extension // I need help with this
#--------------------------------------
...

还有在 background.html 中的内容：

//...
// add listener and save the variable to localStorage
//...

谢谢你的帮助。

更新

这是为了符合 Moishe 的回答 的代码。除了最后一步 handler.onmessage 没有被触发，其他都正常。

options.html

<html>
<head><title>Extension Options</title></head>
<body>
<p>Enter your gmail address:</p>

<textarea id="getEmail" style="margin-bottom: 4px; width: 250px; height: 20px">
</textarea><br />

<button id="save">Save</button>
<!--<button id="save">Clear</button>-->

<script type="text/javascript">

document.getElementById("getEmail").placeholder = "your gmail address" ;

//send entered gmail address to the server
document.getElementById("save").addEventListener
(
    "click", 
    function ()
    {
        var userEmail = document.getElementById("getEmail").value;
        var formData = new FormData();
        formData.append("extension_user", userEmail);

        var channel;
        var socket;
        var handler = new Object();
        handler.onmessage =
        function (evt)
        {   
            //evt.data will be what the server sends in channel.send_message
            console.log("evt.data received from authhandler: " + evt.data);
        };    

        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        xhr.onReadyStateChange = function()
        {
            //error handling etc not included
            if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200)
            {
                token = xhr.responseText;
                channel = new goog.appengine.Channel(token);
                socket = channel.open(handler);
            }
        };
        xhr.open("POST", "http://ting-1.appspot.com/authsender", true);
        xhr.send(formData);
        console.log("formData sent to authsender: " + formData);

    }, false
)
//...
</script>
</body>
</html>

AuthSender 和 AuthHandler

class AuthSender(webapp.RequestHandler):
    def post(self):
        new_user = self.request.get("extension_user")
        link = "http://ting-1.appspot.com/authhandler?new_user=%s" % new_user

        message = mail.EmailMessage()
        message.sender="Ting <ting@gmail.com>"
        message.to=new_user
        message.subject="Ting Bookmarking - Confirm your email"
        message.body="""Click on the link to confirm your email: %s """ % link
        message.send()

        logging.info("message sent to: %s " % message.to)

        token = channel.create_channel(new_user)
        self.response.out.write(token)

class AuthHandler(webapp.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        new_user = self.request.get("new_user")

        channel.send_message(new_user, new_user)

        logging.info("new_user sent to client: %s" % new_user)

工作版本

(相关问题)

options.html

<html>
<head>
    <title>Extension Options</title>
    <!-- this does not work because it is local url
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/_ah/channel/jsapi"></script>
    -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://talkgadget.google.com/talkgadget/channel.js"></script>
</head>

<body>
<p>Enter your gmail address:</p>

<textarea id="getEmail" style="margin-bottom: 4px; width: 250px; height: 20px">
</textarea><br />

<button id="save">Save</button>

<script>
document.getElementById("getEmail").placeholder = "your gmail address" ;

document.getElementById("save").addEventListener
(
    "click", 
    function ()
    {
        var userEmail = document.getElementById("getEmail").value;
        var formData = new FormData();
        formData.append("extension_user", userEmail);

        var channel;
        var socket;
        var handler = 
        {
            onopen: function () { alert("onopen") },
            onerror: function () { alert("onerror") },
            onclose: function () { alert("onclose") },
            onmessage: 
            function (evt)
            {
                alert("evt.data is: " + evt.data)
            }
        };    

        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        xhr.onreadystatechange = function()
        {
            if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200)
            {
                token = xhr.responseText;
                channel = new goog.appengine.Channel(token);
                socket = channel.open(handler);
            }
        };
        xhr.open("POST", "http://ting-1.appspot.com/authsender", true);
        xhr.send(formData);            
    }, false
)
</script>
</body>
</html>

AuthSender 和 AuthHandler

class AuthSender(webapp.RequestHandler):
    def post(self):
        new_user = self.request.get("extension_user")
        link = "http://ting-1.appspot.com/authhandler?new_user=%s" % new_user

        message = mail.EmailMessage()
        message.sender="Ting <ting@gmail.com>"
        message.to=new_user
        message.subject="Ting Bookmarking - Confirm your email"
        message.body="""Click on the link to confirm your email: %s """ % link
        message.send()

        token = channel.create_channel(new_user)

        self.response.out.write(token)

class AuthHandler(webapp.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        new_user = self.request.get("new_user")

        self.response.out.write(new_user)

        channel.send_message(new_user, new_user)
google app engine web development api integration user authentication data transmission chrome extension event listener email confirmation

1 个回答

5

你可以使用Channel API来实现这个功能。在你发起XMLHttpRequest请求的时候，同时请求一个令牌，并打开一个频道来接收消息。当你的应用处理用户点击链接时的HTTP请求时，向为该用户的扩展创建的频道发送一条消息。

更详细的说明：

基本上，在options.html中，当你发起XHR请求时，可以这样做：

var channel;
var socket;
var handler = {
  onmessage: function(evt) {
    // evt.data will be what your server sends in channel.send_message
  }
};
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onReadyStateChange = function() {
  // error handling and whatnot elided
  if (xhr.readyState == 4 and xhr.status == 200) {
    // We got a response from the server. The responseText is
    // a channel token so we can listen for a "verified" message.
    token = xhr.responseText;
    channel = new goog.appengine.Channel(token);
    socket = channel.open(handler);
  }
};
xhr.open("POST", "http://ting-1.appspot.com/authsender", true);
xhr.send(formData);

然后在你的服务器上，处理'authsender'页面的代码会这样写：

class AuthSenderHandler(webapp.RequestHandler):
  def post(self):
    # get whatever data is in the form to send an email.
    # let's say that user_id is a field we extracted either from a cookie or from
    # the POST parameters themselves.
    link = "http://your.server.com/authHandler?user_id=%s" % user_id
    message = mail.EmailMessage()
    message.body = """some stuff %s""" % link
    # fill in other message fields, then send it.

    # now we'll create a channel token using the user_id and return 
    # it to the client.
    token = channel.create_channel(user_id)
    self.response.out.write(token)

上面这两个函数会让你的客户端在一个频道上监听。接下来的步骤是：用户点击链接后会发生什么呢？

之前，我们通过电子邮件发送了一个链接，并包含了一个user_id参数（为了说明方便；你也可以用其他东西）。现在，当用户点击这个链接时，它会向authHandler路径发起一个HTTP请求，并将user_id作为参数传递。所以我们可以用user_id来确定要发送消息的频道，像这样：

class AuthHandler(webapp.RequestHandler):
  def get(self):
    user_id = self.request.get("user_id")
    # send a message indicating the user received the email and
    # verified to our client page. You may want to send other data.
    channel.send_message(user_id, "authorized")
    # probably want to show a nice "you've been authorized" page or something

然后handler.onmessage回调会被调用，这样你就可以在用户验证了他们的电子邮件地址后，进行你需要的操作。

希望这能帮到你一点！

回答于 2025-04-17 由 Python大师
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