python smtplib使用gmail:超过35个字符的消息永远无法接收
我遇到了一个非常奇怪的问题。我正在用smtplib这个库从我的Gmail账户发送邮件。每次我运行这个脚本时,发送的邮件都会出现在我用来发送的Gmail账户的“已发送”标签里。但是,有时候我在接收方却收不到邮件。
我注意到,邮件内容的长度和我是否能收到邮件之间有一定的关系。比如,内容只有“foo”的邮件每次都能成功发送,而我想发送的内容大约有200个字符的邮件却总是收不到。我还尝试发送了一些内容长度在0到60个字符之间的邮件。每次我这样做时,所有60个字符的邮件都出现在发送的Gmail账户的“已发送”文件夹里,但在接收的邮箱里,只有以下这些邮件能显示出来:
这是我用来发送邮件的代码:
for i in range(100):
mail('someaddress@gmail.com','testing limit',str(i) + "a"*i)
这是邮件发送的函数:
def mail(to, subject, text, attach=None):
"""Sends an email, formatted as HTML to list of senders with an optional attachment.
Specifically, the 'to' argument must be a comma seperated list of email addresses.
'subject' and 'text' are what appear in the email subject and body, respectively and
'attach' is a path to an attachment.
"""
msg = MIMEMultipart()
# build the email header
msg['From'] = 'A Concerned Robot'
msg['To'] = to
msg['Subject'] = subject
# attach our body text as html
msg.attach(MIMEText(text,'html'))
# attach the attachment if its there
part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
if attach is not None:
part.set_payload(open(attach, 'rb').read())
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition',
'attachment; filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(attach))
msg.attach(part)
# open up a line with the server
mailServer = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
mailServer.ehlo()
mailServer.starttls()
mailServer.ehlo()
# login, send email, logout
mailServer.login(conf.user, conf.pw)
mailServer.sendmail(conf.user, to, msg.as_string())
mailServer.close()
1 个回答
你只收到你发送的部分消息,最可能的原因是接收方把它们给丢掉了(你检查过垃圾邮件文件夹吗?)。顺便说一下,如果我用你的脚本,所有100条消息都会到达。
当你发送消息时,可能会被谷歌拒绝,或者他们会接受并尝试投递。当谷歌尝试投递消息时,可能会被拒绝(在这种情况下,你应该会收到谷歌的投递状态通知),或者可能会被接受。有些邮件服务器可能会说它们接受了消息,但实际上并没有投递(可能是丢掉了,或者把它放到了某种隔离区)。
所以我们又回到了最初的问题:为什么你不能发送200个字符的消息?让我们看看当我们尝试发送这个消息时会发生什么:
>>> import smtplib
>>> s = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.gmail.com", 587)
>>> s.ehlo()
(250, 'mx.google.com at your service, [60.234.179.13]\nSIZE 35882577\n8BITMIME\nSTARTTLS\nENHANCEDSTATUSCODES')
>>> s.starttls()
(220, '2.0.0 Ready to start TLS')
>>> s.ehlo()
(250, 'mx.google.com at your service, [60.234.179.13]\nSIZE 35882577\n8BITMIME\nAUTH LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH\nENHANCEDSTATUSCODES')
>>> s.login("username", "password")
(235, '2.7.0 Accepted')
>>> s.mail("sender")
(250, '2.1.0 OK n2sm1693666ybe.6')
>>> s.rcpt("recipient")
(250, '2.1.5 OK n2sm1693666ybe.6')
>>> s.data("Subject: " + ("a" * 200) + "\n\nThis is a test message.")
(250, '2.0.0 OK 1316147451 n2sm1693666ybe.6')
>>> s.quit()
(221, '2.0.0 closing connection n2sm1693666ybe.6')
这个消息被接受了(所以问题不在这里),而且也成功到达了(一些头部信息被省略):
Received: by 10.223.158.77 with SMTP id e13cs10409fax;
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:54 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by 10.100.214.1 with SMTP id m1mr1823145ang.134.1316147453266;
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:53 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from mail-gx0-f178.google.com (mail-gx0-f178.google.com [209.85.161.178])
by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id l19si1913755anm.182.2011.09.15.21.30.51
(version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER);
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:52 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by mail-gx0-f178.google.com with SMTP id 21so2167851gxk.23
for <tony.meyer@gmail.com>; Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by 10.151.43.6 with SMTP id v6mr2088425ybj.402.1316147451688;
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from somewhere ([60.234.179.13])
by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id n2sm1693666ybe.6.2011.09.15.21.30.19
(version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER);
Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <4e72d0fb.02a5960a.3f71.60b1@mx.google.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Sep 2011 21:30:51 -0700 (PDT)
Sender: Tony Meyer <address>
From: someone
Subject: aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
This is a test message.
所以你的代码可能是可以工作的,消息也会到达:问题出在你邮件的接收方。不幸的是,如果他们默默地丢掉了消息,那就很难知道为什么会这样(而不是收到一个有原因的投递状态通知)。
你的代码中有一段是用来添加附件的——在发送失败时这个附件有包含吗?这可能是问题的原因。RFC 5322规定,行应该最多78个字符(虽然可以达到998个字符)——也许接收方在执行更严格的限制?(假设你的200个字符在一行内)。如果是这样,你可以对消息主体进行编码(例如,使用quoted-printable或base64),或者使用续行来换行主题。