Python中的授权REST服务

0

我同意Constantinius的看法，BaseHTTPServer是用Python做RESTful服务的一个很不错的选择。它在Python 2.7中是自带的，比起gunicorn、flask、wsgi和gevent等其他工具，扩展性更好。而且它支持数据流，这在将来可能会用到。

下面是一个例子，展示了一个网页浏览器如何向BaseHTTPServer发起远程的POST请求，并获取数据。

JavaScript代码（放在static/hello.html中，通过Python提供服务）：

<html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/></head><body>
Hello.

<script>

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST", "/postman", true);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
xhr.send(JSON.stringify({
    value: 'value'
}));
xhr.onload = function() {
  console.log("HELLO")
  console.log(this.responseText);
  var data = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
  console.log(data);
}

</script></body></html>

Python服务器（用于测试）：

import time, threading, socket, SocketServer, BaseHTTPServer
import os, traceback, sys, json


log_lock           = threading.Lock()
log_next_thread_id = 0

# Local log functiondef


def Log(module, msg):
    with log_lock:
        thread = threading.current_thread().__name__
        msg    = "%s %s: %s" % (module, thread, msg)
        sys.stderr.write(msg + '\n')

def Log_Traceback():
    t   = traceback.format_exc().strip('\n').split('\n')
    if ', in ' in t[-3]:
        t[-3] = t[-3].replace(', in','\n***\n***  In') + '(...):'
        t[-2] += '\n***'
    err = '\n***  '.join(t[-3:]).replace('"','').replace(' File ', '')
    err = err.replace(', line',':')
    Log("Traceback", '\n'.join(t[:-3]) + '\n\n\n***\n*** ' + err + '\n***\n\n')

    os._exit(4)

def Set_Thread_Label(s):
    global log_next_thread_id
    with log_lock:
        threading.current_thread().__name__ = "%d%s" \
            % (log_next_thread_id, s)
        log_next_thread_id += 1


class Handler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    def do_GET(self):
        Set_Thread_Label(self.path + "[get]")
        try:
            Log("HTTP", "PATH='%s'" % self.path)
            with open('static' + self.path) as f:
                data = f.read()
            Log("Static", "DATA='%s'" % data)
            self.send_response(200)
            self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(data)
        except:
            Log_Traceback()

    def do_POST(self):
        Set_Thread_Label(self.path + "[post]")
        try:
            length = int(self.headers.getheader('content-length'))
            req   = self.rfile.read(length)
            Log("HTTP", "PATH='%s'" % self.path)
            Log("URL", "request data = %s" % req)
            req = json.loads(req)
            response = {'req': req}
            response = json.dumps(response)
            Log("URL", "response data = %s" % response)
            self.send_response(200)
            self.send_header("Content-type", "application/json")
            self.send_header("content-length", str(len(response)))
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(response)
        except:
            Log_Traceback()


# Create ONE socket.
addr = ('', 8000)
sock = socket.socket (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(addr)
sock.listen(5)

# Launch 10 listener threads.
class Thread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, i):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.i = i
        self.daemon = True
        self.start()
    def run(self):
        httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(addr, Handler, False)

        # Prevent the HTTP server from re-binding every handler.
        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46210672/
        httpd.socket = sock
        httpd.server_bind = self.server_close = lambda self: None

        httpd.serve_forever()
[Thread(i) for i in range(10)]
time.sleep(9e9)

控制台日志（Chrome浏览器）：

HELLO
hello.html:14 {"req": {"value": "value"}}
hello.html:16 
{req: {…}}
req
:
{value: "value"}
__proto__
:
Object

控制台日志（Firefox浏览器）：

GET 
http://XXXXX:8000/hello.html [HTTP/1.0 200 OK 0ms]
POST 
XHR 
http://XXXXX:8000/postman [HTTP/1.0 200 OK 0ms]
HELLO hello.html:13:3
{"req": {"value": "value"}} hello.html:14:3
Object { req: Object }

控制台日志（Edge浏览器）：

HTML1300: Navigation occurred.
hello.html
HTML1527: DOCTYPE expected. Consider adding a valid HTML5 doctype: "<!DOCTYPE html>".
hello.html (1,1)
Current window: XXXXX/hello.html
HELLO
hello.html (13,3)
{"req": {"value": "value"}}
hello.html (14,3)
[object Object]
hello.html (16,3)
   {
      [functions]: ,
      __proto__: { },
      req: {
         [functions]: ,
         __proto__: { },
         value: "value"
      }
   }

Python日志：

HTTP 8/postman[post]: PATH='/postman'
URL 8/postman[post]: request data = {"value":"value"}
URL 8/postman[post]: response data = {"req": {"value": "value"}}

另外，你可以通过在将socket传给BaseHTTPServer之前给它加上SSL，来轻松实现安全连接。

回答于 2025-04-16 由 Python大师

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0

使用Python时，你需要创建一个XACML请求，这个请求里要包含用户的ID（这个ID通常是在用户登录后获取的），还要添加一些关于用户要访问的网络服务的信息。比如说，这可以是服务的URI（统一资源标识符），也可以是HTTP方法等等……

最后你可能会得到类似这样的内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xacml-ctx:Request xmlns:xacml-ctx="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0:context:schema:os">
   <xacml-ctx:Subject SubjectCategory="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject">
      <xacml-ctx:Attribute AttributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject:subject-id" DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">
         <xacml-ctx:AttributeValue>Alice</xacml-ctx:AttributeValue>
      </xacml-ctx:Attribute>
   </xacml-ctx:Subject>
   <xacml-ctx:Resource>
      <xacml-ctx:Attribute AttributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:resource-id" DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">
         <xacml-ctx:AttributeValue>/someuri/myapi/target.py</xacml-ctx:AttributeValue>
      </xacml-ctx:Attribute>
   </xacml-ctx:Resource>
   <xacml-ctx:Action>
      <xacml-ctx:Attribute AttributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:action:action-id" DataType="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">
         <xacml-ctx:AttributeValue>GET</xacml-ctx:AttributeValue>
      </xacml-ctx:Attribute>
   </xacml-ctx:Action>
   <xacml-ctx:Environment>
   </xacml-ctx:Environment>
</xacml-ctx:Request>

你需要用Python和lxml库来构建这个请求。

返回的结果看起来会像这样：

<xacml-ctx:Response xmlns:xacml-ctx="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0:context:schema:os">
  <xacml-ctx:Result>
    <xacml-ctx:Decision>Permit</xacml-ctx:Decision>
    <xacml-ctx:Status>
      <xacml-ctx:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:status:ok"/>
    </xacml-ctx:Status>
  </xacml-ctx:Result>
</xacml-ctx:Response>

所以你还需要解析这个XML，以提取出决策结果，比如说“允许”（Permit）。我写了一个简单的REST风格的接口，连接到一个XACML的PDP（政策决策点），你只需要发送一个HTTP GET请求到一个URI，并把变量作为GET参数传递，比如说 http://www.xacml.eu/AuthZ/?a=alice&b=/someuri/myapi/target.py&c=GET

这样解释清楚了吗？

回答于 2025-04-16 由 Python大师

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2

如果你在问可以用哪些库来实现这些RESTful服务，那你可以看看标准Python库中的BaseHTTPServer模块。

下面的代码展示了实现一个简单的服务器来接受GET请求是多么简单：

class MyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

    def do_GET(self):
        try:
            f = open(curdir + sep + self.path) #self.path has /test.html
            self.send_response(200)
            self.send_header('Content-type',    'text/html')
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(f.read())
            f.close()
        except IOError:
            self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)

def main():
    try:
        server = HTTPServer(('', 80), MyHandler)
        print 'Welcome to the machine...'
        server.serve_forever()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print '^C received, shutting down server'
        server.socket.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

当然，这段代码不是我写的，我是在这里找到的。

回答于 2025-04-16 由 Python大师

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