如何在Python中停止读取进程输出而不阻塞?
我有一个在Linux上运行的Python程序,差不多长这样:
import os
import time
process = os.popen("top").readlines()
time.sleep(1)
os.popen("killall top")
print process
程序在这一行卡住了:
process = os.popen("top").readlines()
这种情况发生在那些不断更新输出的工具里,比如“Top”命令。
我尝试过的最好方法:
import os
import time
import subprocess
process = subprocess.Popen('top')
time.sleep(2)
os.popen("killall top")
print process
这个方法比第一个好(它被杀掉了),但是返回了:
<subprocess.Popen object at 0x97a50cc>
第二次尝试:
import os
import time
import subprocess
process = subprocess.Popen('top').readlines()
time.sleep(2)
os.popen("killall top")
print process
结果和第一次一样。它因为“readlines()”而卡住了。
它的返回结果应该是这样的:
top - 05:31:15 up 12:12, 5 users, load average: 0.25, 0.14, 0.11
Tasks: 174 total, 2 running, 172 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 9.3%us, 3.8%sy, 0.1%ni, 85.9%id, 0.9%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1992828k total, 1849456k used, 143372k free, 233048k buffers
Swap: 4602876k total, 0k used, 4602876k free, 1122780k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
31735 Barakat 20 0 246m 52m 20m S 19.4 2.7 13:54.91 totem
1907 root 20 0 91264 45m 15m S 1.9 2.3 38:54.14 Xorg
2138 Barakat 20 0 17356 5368 4284 S 1.9 0.3 3:00.15 at-spi-registry
2164 Barakat 9 -11 164m 7372 6252 S 1.9 0.4 2:54.58 pulseaudio
2394 Barakat 20 0 27212 9792 8256 S 1.9 0.5 6:01.48 multiload-apple
6498 Barakat 20 0 56364 30m 18m S 1.9 1.6 0:03.38 pyshell
1 root 20 0 2880 1416 1208 S 0.0 0.1 0:02.02 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.07 ksoftirqd/0
5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.43 events/0
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset
12 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
14 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 async/mgr
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pm
并且应该保存在变量“process”里。大家有没有什么主意,我现在真的卡住了?
5 个回答
(J.F. Sebastian,你的代码运行得很好,我觉得比我的解决方案更好 =) )
我用另一种方法解决了这个问题。
我没有直接在终端上输出结果,而是把它写入了一个文件“tmp_file”:
top >> tmp_file
然后我使用了“cut”这个工具,把它的输出(也就是最上面的输出)作为进程的值。
cat tmp_file
这样做达到了我想要的效果。这是最终的代码:
import os
import subprocess
import time
subprocess.Popen("top >> tmp_file",shell = True)
time.sleep(1)
os.popen("killall top")
process = os.popen("cat tmp_file").read()
os.popen("rm tmp_file")
print process
# Thing better than nothing =)
非常感谢大家的帮助!
与其使用“top”命令,我建议你用“ps”命令,这样可以得到相同的信息,但只会显示一次,而不是每秒都更新一次,永远不停。
你还需要在使用ps时加上一些选项,我通常用“ps aux”。
只打印输出部分的尾部解决方案
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Start process; wait 2 seconds; kill the process; print all process output."""
import subprocess
import tempfile
import time
def main():
# open temporary file (it automatically deleted when it is closed)
# `Popen` requires `f.fileno()` so `SpooledTemporaryFile` adds nothing here
f = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
# start process, redirect stdout
p = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=f)
# wait 2 seconds
time.sleep(2)
# kill process
#NOTE: if it doesn't kill the process then `p.wait()` blocks forever
p.terminate()
p.wait() # wait for the process to terminate otherwise the output is garbled
# print saved output
f.seek(0) # rewind to the beginning of the file
print f.read(),
f.close()
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
你可以在另一个线程中读取进程的输出,并把需要的最后几行保存到一个队列里:
import collections
import subprocess
import time
import threading
def read_output(process, append):
for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, ""):
append(line)
def main():
# start process, redirect stdout
process = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)
try:
# save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
number_of_lines = 200
q = collections.deque(maxlen=number_of_lines) # atomic .append()
t = threading.Thread(target=read_output, args=(process, q.append))
t.daemon = True
t.start()
#
time.sleep(2)
finally:
process.terminate() #NOTE: it doesn't ensure the process termination
# print saved lines
print ''.join(q)
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
这个方法需要 q.append()
是一个原子操作。否则,输出可能会出现问题。
signal.alarm()
解决方案
你可以使用 signal.alarm()
在指定的超时时间后调用 process.terminate()
,而不是在另一个线程中读取。不过,这个方法可能和 subprocess
模块的配合不是很好。根据 @Alex Martelli的回答:
import collections
import signal
import subprocess
class Alarm(Exception):
pass
def alarm_handler(signum, frame):
raise Alarm
def main():
# start process, redirect stdout
process = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)
# set signal handler
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarm_handler)
signal.alarm(2) # produce SIGALRM in 2 seconds
try:
# save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
number_of_lines = 200
q = collections.deque(maxlen=number_of_lines)
for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, ""):
q.append(line)
signal.alarm(0) # cancel alarm
except Alarm:
process.terminate()
finally:
# print saved lines
print ''.join(q)
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
这种方法只在 *nix 系统上有效。如果 process.stdout.readline()
不返回,可能会导致阻塞。
threading.Timer
解决方案
import collections
import subprocess
import threading
def main():
# start process, redirect stdout
process = subprocess.Popen(["top"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)
# terminate process in timeout seconds
timeout = 2 # seconds
timer = threading.Timer(timeout, process.terminate)
timer.start()
# save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
number_of_lines = 200
q = collections.deque(process.stdout, maxlen=number_of_lines)
timer.cancel()
# print saved lines
print ''.join(q),
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
这种方法在 Windows 上也应该有效。在这里,我把 process.stdout
当作一个可迭代对象使用;这可能会引入额外的输出缓冲。如果不想这样,你可以改用 iter(process.stdout.readline, "")
的方法。如果进程在 process.terminate()
时没有结束,脚本就会卡住。
没有线程,没有信号的解决方案
import collections
import subprocess
import sys
import time
def main():
args = sys.argv[1:]
if not args:
args = ['top']
# start process, redirect stdout
process = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=True)
# save last `number_of_lines` lines of the process output
number_of_lines = 200
q = collections.deque(maxlen=number_of_lines)
timeout = 2 # seconds
now = start = time.time()
while (now - start) < timeout:
line = process.stdout.readline()
if not line:
break
q.append(line)
now = time.time()
else: # on timeout
process.terminate()
# print saved lines
print ''.join(q),
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
这个方法既不使用线程,也不使用信号,但在终端中会产生乱码输出。如果 process.stdout.readline()
阻塞,程序也会卡住。