使用Python实现美化打印？

Question

我有一份标签和数据的列表，如下所示。

['id', 'Version', 'chip_name', 'xversion', 'device', 'opt_param', 'place_effort']
[1, 1.0, u'virtex2', u'xilinx11.5', u'xc5vlx50', u'Speed', u'High']

我想把它们打印到控制台上。为此，我正在遍历这个列表，并用制表符（'\t'）打印每个元素。

但是，结果看起来并不好。

number of data 1 and number of column 7
id      Version     chip_name       xversion        device      opt_param       place_effort        
1       1.0     virtex2     xilinx11.5      xc5vlx50        Speed       High        

标签和数据的字符串长度变化很大，所以它们没有对齐。

有没有什么方法可以用Python解决这个问题呢？

补充说明

在Mike DeSimone的回答的帮助下，我可以制作一个漂亮的打印工具，来满足我的需求。valueResults是一个包含元组的列表。

    labels = queryResult.names
    valueResults = queryResult.result

    # get the maximum width
    allData = valueResults
    allData.insert(0,labels)
    transpose = zip(*valueResults) # remove the sequence as a parameter
    #print transpose
    for value in transpose:
        # value is integer/float/unicode/str, so make it length of str
        newValue = [len(str(i)) for i in value]
        columnWidth = max(newValue)
        columnWidths.append(columnWidth)
        dividers.append('-' * columnWidth)
        dblDividers.append('=' * columnWidth)
        label = value[0]
        paddedLabels.append(label.center(columnWidth))

    paddedString = ""

    for values in valueResults[1:]:
        paddedValue = []
        for i, value in enumerate(values):
            svalue = str(value)
            columnWidth = columnWidths[i]
            paddedValue.append(svalue.center(columnWidth))
        paddedString += '| ' + ' | '.join(paddedValue) + ' |' + '\n'

    string += '+-' + '-+-'.join(dividers) + '-+' + '\n'
    string += '| ' + ' | '.join(paddedLabels) + ' |' + '\n'
    string += '+=' + '=+='.join(dblDividers) + '=+' + '\n'
    string += paddedString
    string += '+-' + '-+-'.join(dividers) + '-+' + '\n'

这是结果。

+----+---------+-----------+------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
| id | Version | chip_name |  xversion  |  device  | opt_param | place_effort |
+====+=========+===========+============+==========+===========+==============+
| 1  |   1.0   |  virtex2  | xilinx11.5 | xc5vlx50 |   Speed   |     High     |
| 2  |   1.0   |  virtex2  | xilinx11.5 | xc5vlx50 |   Speed   |     High     |
+----+---------+-----------+------------+----------+-----------+--------------+

谢谢大家的帮助。

Answer 1

你可以试试这个

>>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 7678}
>>> for name, phone in table.items():
...     print '{0:10} ==> {1:10d}'.format(name, phone)
...
Jack       ==>       4098
Dcab       ==>       7678
Sjoerd     ==>       4127

来自 http://docs.python.org/tutorial/inputoutput.html

在 : 后面的数字是用来填充的。

或者更好的是

>>> table = {'Sjoerd': 4127, 'Jack': 4098, 'Dcab': 8637678}
>>> print ('Jack: {0[Jack]:d}; Sjoerd: {0[Sjoerd]:d}; '
...        'Dcab: {0[Dcab]:d}'.format(table))
Jack: 4098; Sjoerd: 4127; Dcab: 8637678

Answer 2

使用ljust可以在内容打印出来之前，把内容填充到指定的宽度。

import sys

def maxwidth(table, index):
    """Get the maximum width of the given column index"""
    return max([len(str(row[index])) for row in table])

def pprint_table(table):
    colpad = []

    for i in range(len(table[0])):
        colpad.append(maxwidth(table, i))

    for row in table:
        print str(row[0]).ljust(colpad[0] + 1),
        for i in range(1, len(row)):
            col = str(row[i]).rjust(colpad[i] + 2)
            print "", col,
        print ""

a = ['id', 'Version', 'chip_name', 'xversion', 'device', 'opt_param', 'place_effort']
b = [1, 1.0, u'virtex2', u'xilinx11.5', u'xc5vlx50', u'Speed', u'High']

# Put it in the table

c = [a, b]

pprint_table(c)

输出结果：

id     Version    chip_name      xversion      device    opt_param    place_effort 
1          1.0      virtex2    xilinx11.5    xc5vlx50        Speed            High

Answer 3

像这样：

labels = ['id', 'Version', 'chip_name', 'xversion', 'device', 'opt_param', 
    'place_effort']
values = [1, 1.0, u'virtex2', u'xilinx11.5', u'xc5vlx50', u'Speed', u'High']

paddedLabels = []
paddedValues = []

for label, value in zip(labels, values):
    value = str(value)
    columnWidth = max(len(label), len(value))
    paddedLabels.append(label.center(columnWidth))
    paddedValues.append(value.center(columnWidth))

print ' '.join(paddedLabels)
print ' '.join(paddedValues)

输出结果：

id Version chip_name  xversion   device  opt_param place_effort
1    1.0    virtex2  xilinx11.5 xc5vlx50   Speed       High

如果你想让它更高级一点，可以让它支持 reStructuredText 格式：

labels = ['id', 'Version', 'chip_name', 'xversion', 'device', 'opt_param', 
    'place_effort']
values = [1, 1.0, u'virtex2', u'xilinx11.5', u'xc5vlx50', u'Speed', u'High']

paddedLabels = []
paddedValues = []
dividers = []
dblDividers = []

for label, value in zip(labels, values):
    value = str(value)
    columnWidth = max(len(label), len(value))
    paddedLabels.append(label.center(columnWidth))
    paddedValues.append(value.center(columnWidth))
    dividers.append('-' * columnWidth)
    dblDividers.append('=' * columnWidth)

print '+-' + '-+-'.join(dividers) + '-+'
print '| ' + ' | '.join(paddedLabels) + ' |'
print '+=' + '=+='.join(dblDividers) + '=+'
print '| ' + ' | '.join(paddedValues) + ' |'
print '+-' + '-+-'.join(dividers) + '-+'

输出结果：

+----+---------+-----------+------------+----------+-----------+--------------+
| id | Version | chip_name |  xversion  |  device  | opt_param | place_effort |
+====+=========+===========+============+==========+===========+==============+
| 1  |   1.0   |  virtex2  | xilinx11.5 | xc5vlx50 |   Speed   |     High     |
+----+---------+-----------+------------+----------+-----------+--------------+