Python:允许未特定定义的方法像__getattr__一样被调用
我正在尝试写一个Python类,想要实现以下功能:
c = MyClass()
a = c.A("a name for A") # Calls internally c.create("A", "a name for A")
b = c.B("a name for B") # Calls internally c.create("B", "a name for B")
A和B可以是任何东西(其实它们是在数据库中定义的,但我不想在代码里明确写出来)
一个比较简单的解决办法是这样做:
class MyClass():
def __init__(self):
self.createItem = ""
def create(self, itemType, itemName):
print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)
def create_wrapper(self, name):
self.create(self.createItem, name)
def __getattr__(self, attrName):
self.createItem = attrName
return self.create_wrapper
当用户调用类似这样的内容时,它会正常工作:
a = c.A("nameA")
b = c.B("nameB")
不过,在函数指针被存储但没有被调用的情况下,它就会出问题:
aFunc = c.A
bFunc = c.B
aFunc("nameA") # Is actually calling c.create("B", "nameA"),
# as c.B was the last __getattr__() call
bFunc("nameB")
有没有什么建议,能帮我补充一下我遗漏的部分?
谢谢
补充:我好像刚刚弄明白了这个问题,但Philipp有一个更优雅的解决方案……
我的解决方案是:
class MyClassCreator():
def __init__(self, origClass, itemType):
self.origClass = origClass
self.itemType = itemType
def create_wrapper(self, name):
return self.origClass.create(self.itemType, name)
class MyClass():
def __init__(self):
self.createItem = ""
def create(self, itemType, itemName):
print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)
def __getattr__(self, attrName):
return MyClassCreator(self, attrName).create_wrapper
我最后用的版本(因为我需要比单个参数更复杂的东西)是:(我不知道这是否可以用lambda函数来实现……)
def __getattr__(self, attrName):
def find_entity_wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
return self.find_entity(attrName, *args, **kwargs)
return find_entity_wrapper
2 个回答
6
你可以通过简化来获得你想要的结果:
class MyClass():
def create(self, itemType, itemName):
print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)
def __getattr__(self, attrName):
return lambda x: self.create(attrName, x)
c = MyClass()
a = c.A("nameA")
b = c.B("nameB")
af = c.A
bf = c.B
af("nameA")
bf("nameB")
输出结果是:
Creating item A with name nameA
Creating item B with name nameB
Creating item A with name nameA
Creating item B with name nameB
8
让 __getattr__
返回一个本地的包装函数:
class MyClass(object):
def create(self, itemType, itemName):
print "Creating item %s with name %s" % (itemType, itemName)
def __getattr__(self, attrName):
def create_wrapper(name):
self.create(attrName, name)
return create_wrapper
还有其他方法可以创建这个包装函数。在这种情况下,最简单的方法是使用 functools.partial
:
import functools
class MyClass(object):
def create(self, itemType, itemName, *args, **kwargs):
print "Creating item %s with name %s, args %r and kwargs %r" % (itemType, itemName, args, kwargs)
def __getattr__(self, attrName):
return functools.partial(self.create, attrName)
c = MyClass()
bFunc = c.B
bFunc("nameB", 1, 2, foo=3)
这样做会自动把所有剩下的参数传递给被包装的函数。