对象字面量在Python中是否符合规范?
JavaScript 有对象字面量,比如:
var p = {
name: "John Smith",
age: 23
}
而 .NET 有匿名类型,比如:
var p = new { Name = "John Smith", Age = 23}; // C#
在 Python 中,可以通过(稍微不太规范的方式)使用命名参数来模拟类似的东西:
class literal(object):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for (k,v) in kwargs.iteritems():
self.__setattr__(k, v)
def __repr__(self):
return 'literal(%s)' % ', '.join('%s = %r' % i for i in sorted(self.__dict__.iteritems()))
def __str__(self):
return repr(self)
用法:
p = literal(name = "John Smith", age = 23)
print p # prints: literal(age = 23, name = 'John Smith')
print p.name # prints: John Smith
但是,这种写法算不算是 Python 风格呢?
8 个回答
16
来自 ActiveState:
class Bunch:
def __init__(self, **kwds):
self.__dict__.update(kwds)
# that's it! Now, you can create a Bunch
# whenever you want to group a few variables:
point = Bunch(datum=y, squared=y*y, coord=x)
# and of course you can read/write the named
# attributes you just created, add others, del
# some of them, etc, etc:
if point.squared > threshold:
point.isok = 1
74
为什么不直接用字典呢?
p = {'name': 'John Smith', 'age': 23}
print p
print p['name']
print p['age']
44
你有没有考虑过使用一种叫做 命名元组 的东西呢?
你可以用字典的方式来表示
>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> L = namedtuple('literal', 'name age')(**{'name': 'John Smith', 'age': 23})
或者用关键字参数
>>> L = namedtuple('literal', 'name age')(name='John Smith', age=23)
>>> L
literal(name='John Smith', age=23)
>>> L.name
'John Smith'
>>> L.age
23
其实把这种行为封装成一个函数是很简单的
def literal(**kw):
return namedtuple('literal', kw)(**kw)
用 lambda 表达式来写的话是这样的
literal = lambda **kw: namedtuple('literal', kw)(**kw)
不过我个人觉得给“匿名”函数起名字有点傻