尝试在Python中缩放/改变乌龟图像的方向

Question

我用Python的Turtle库画了一只蜜蜂的图像。在理想的情况下，我想知道如何调整蜜蜂的大小，同时保持所有的比例不变。我还想知道如何轻松地改变这个图像的方向。

我对编程还比较陌生，所以我还在学习阶段。我知道可能有一个很明显的答案，但我就是没有想到。任何帮助都会非常感谢。

def visualise_data(rename_me_in_task_1b):
def draw_body(x, y, step):
# Body outline
    penup()
    pencolor('black')
    fillcolor('gold')
    goto(x, y)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    setheading(90)
    circle((step * 5), 180)
    forward(step * 10)
    circle((step * 5), 180)
    forward(step * 10)
    end_fill()
# Draw Stripe 1
    fillcolor('black')
    begin_fill()
    setheading(180)
    forward(step * 10)
    setheading(270)
    forward(step * 4)
    setheading(0)
    forward(step * 10)
    setheading(90)
    forward(step * 4)
    end_fill()
# Goto Stripe 2
    penup()
    setheading(180)
    forward(step * 10)
    setheading(270)
    forward(step * 6)
# Draw Stripe 2
    setheading(0)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    forward(step * 10)
    setheading(270)
    forward(step * 4)
    setheading(180)
    forward(step * 10)
    setheading(90)
    forward(step * 4)
    end_fill()
    penup()
# Draw stinger
    goto((x - 50), (y - (step * 15)))
    setheading(270)
    pendown()
    width(5)
    forward(step)
    penup()
    width(3)
# Draw right wing
    goto(x, (y * 0.66))
    setheading(25)
    fillcolor('gainsboro')
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    forward(step * 5)
    circle((-step * 3.5), 180)
    goto(x, (-y * 0.66))
    goto(x, (y * 0.66))
    end_fill()
    penup()
# Draw left wing
    goto(-x, (y * 0.66))
    setheading(155)
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    forward(step * 5)
    circle((step * 3.5), 180)
    goto(-x, (-y * 0.66))
    end_fill()

def draw_head(x, y, step):
# Head outline
    width(3)
    pencolor('black')
    fillcolor('gold')
    penup()
    goto((x - 50), (y * 1.5))
    pendown()
    begin_fill()
    setheading(0)
    circle((step * 6), 360)
    end_fill()
    penup()
# Eyes
    goto((x * 0.5), (y * (step * 0.275)))
    pendown()
    fillcolor('white')
    begin_fill()
    circle(step, 360)
    penup()
    goto((-x * 0.5), (y * (step * 0.275)))
    pendown()
    circle(step, 360)
    end_fill()
    penup()
# Pupils
    goto((-x * 0.5), (y * (step * 0.29)))
    pendown()
    fillcolor('black')
    begin_fill()
    circle((step * 0.3), 360)
    penup()
    forward(step * 5)
    pendown()
    circle((step * 0.3), 360)
    end_fill()
    penup()
# Mouth
    setheading(270)
    forward(step * 3)
    pendown()
    setheading(270)
    circle((-step * 2.5), 180)
    penup()
# Antennae
    goto((-x * 0.3), (y * (step * 0.36)))
    setheading(100)
    pendown()
    forward(step * 4)
    setheading(220)
    forward(step * 2)
    penup()
    goto((x * 0.3), (y * (step * 0.36)))
    setheading(80)
    pendown()
    forward(step * 4)
    setheading(320)
    forward(step * 2)
    penup()
    speed(0)
    width(3)

title('The Australian Honey Bees-nest/Business')


def draw_main_body(x, y, step):
    draw_body(x, y, step)
    draw_head(x, y, step)


write("Australia's Honey production is abundant!", move=True, align='left',
font=("Arial", 8, "bold"))


    draw_main_body(50, 50, 10)
    hideturtle()
    done()
    mainloop()

Answer 1

除了@ggorlen通常给出的很棒的建议（点赞），你还需要避免使用像setheading()这样的命令，改用left()和/或right()。你还得考虑把缩放应用到一些其他的东西，比如笔的粗细。你可能还需要“撤销”一些东西（也就是把笔抬起来），这样才能让你的乌龟回到一个已知的位置，继续画其他的东西。

下面是你draw_head()函数的一个改进版本，它实现了缩放和旋转：

from turtle import Screen, Turtle

def draw_head(scale):

    # Head outline
    turtle.fillcolor('gold')
    turtle.width(scale * 0.3)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.right(90)
    turtle.forward(scale * 6)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(scale * 6, 360)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()

    # Eyes
    turtle.fillcolor('white')
    turtle.right(90)
    turtle.backward(scale * 7)
    turtle.left(90)

    # Left Eye
    turtle.forward(scale * 2.5)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(scale, 360)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()

    # Right Eye
    turtle.backward(scale * 5)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(scale, 360)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()

    # Pupils
    turtle.fillcolor('black')
    turtle.forward(scale * 2.5)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.forward(scale * 0.66)
    turtle.right(90)

    # Left Pupil
    turtle.forward(scale * 2.5)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(scale * 0.3, 360)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()

    # Right Pupil
    turtle.backward(scale * 5)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(scale * 0.3, 360)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()

    # Mouth
    turtle.right(90)
    turtle.forward(scale * 3)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.circle(scale * 2.5, 180)
    turtle.penup()

    # Antennae
    turtle.forward(scale * 5.5)

    # Left Antenna
    turtle.right(10)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.forward(scale * 4)
    turtle.right(120)
    turtle.forward(scale * 2)
    turtle.penup()

    turtle.backward(scale * 2)
    turtle.left(120)
    turtle.backward(scale * 4)
    turtle.left(100)
    turtle.forward(scale * 5)
    turtle.right(90)

    # Right Antenna
    turtle.left(10)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.forward(scale * 4)
    turtle.left(120)
    turtle.forward(scale * 2)
    turtle.penup()

def draw_main_body(x, y, scale):
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    draw_head(scale)

screen = Screen()
screen.title('The Australian Honey Bees-nest/Business')

turtle = Turtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')

draw_main_body(0, 0, 15)

turtle.setheading(45)
draw_main_body(-200, -200, 10)

turtle.setheading(180)
draw_main_body(200, -200, 5)

turtle.hideturtle()
screen.exitonclick()