在Python中读取混合字符串和数字的文件数据

Question

我想要读取一个文件夹里不同的文件，这个文件夹的结构是这样的：

#   Mj =  1.60      ff    =   7580.6    gg =  0.8325

我想从每个文件中读取数字，并把每个数字和一个向量关联起来。假设我有3个文件，那么我就会有3个部分对应向量Mj，... 我该如何在Python中实现呢？

谢谢你的帮助。

Answer 1

这里有一个使用pyparsing的解决方案，可能比用正则表达式更容易管理：

text = "#   Mj =  1.60      ff    =   7580.6    gg =  0.8325 "

from pyparsing import Word, nums, Literal

# subexpression for a real number, including conversion to float
realnum = Word(nums+"-+.E").setParseAction(lambda t:float(t[0]))

# overall expression for the full line of data
linepatt = (Literal("#") + "Mj" + "=" + realnum("Mj") +
            "ff" + "=" + realnum("ff") +
            "gg" + "=" + realnum("gg"))

# use '==' to test for matching line pattern
if text == linepatt:
    res = linepatt.parseString(text)

    # dump the matched tokens and all named results
    print res.dump()

    # access the Mj data field
    print res.Mj

    # use results names with string interpolation to print data fields
    print "%(Mj)f %(ff)f %(gg)f" % res

输出结果是：

['#', 'Mj', '=', 1.6000000000000001, 'ff', '=', 7580.6000000000004, 'gg', '=', 0.83250000000000002]
- Mj: 1.6
- ff: 7580.6
- gg: 0.8325
1.6
1.600000 7580.600000 0.832500

Answer 2

我会用正则表达式来拆分这一行内容：

import re
lineRE = re.compile(r'''
    \#\s*
    Mj\s*=\s*(?P<Mj>[-+0-9eE.]+)\s*
    ff\s*=\s*(?P<ff>[-+0-9eE.]+)\s*
    gg\s*=\s*(?P<gg>[-+0-9eE.]+)
    ''', re.VERBOSE)

for filename in filenames:
    for line in file(filename, 'r'):
        m = lineRE.match(line)
        if not m:
            continue
        Mj = m.group('Mj')
        ff = m.group('ff')
        gg = m.group('gg')
        # Put them in whatever lists you want here.