高级Python GUI工具包，例如，将字典传递给TreeView/Grid
我开始了我的第一个Python小项目，使用的是PyGTK。虽然这个图形界面工具包非常强大，效果也很好，但我还是有一些小烦恼。所以我考虑换个工具，因为现在还不算太复杂。我在StackOverflow和Python文档上转了一圈，但没有找到一个好的概述。
关于PyGTK，有几个不错的地方：
- 可以使用Glade文件
- 可以用self.signal_autoconnect({...})来自动连接信号
- 可以用self.get_widget()来获取小部件，像是__getattr__一样
不过，有一些让我烦恼的地方：
- 需要手动使用gobject.idle_add(lambda: ... 和 False)
- 没有标准功能来保存应用程序或窗口的状态
- TreeView需要手动构建数组
- widget.get_selection().get_selected()和model.get_value(iter, liststore_index)
TreeView：因为这是主要的界面元素，所以最让人分心。基本上，我的应用程序需要构建一个字典列表来显示，格式是name=列+行=>值。要在GTK中显示这些内容，需要手动转换、排序和类型转换。这感觉有点繁琐，我希望能有更面向对象的方式。PyGTK在gtk+之上有很多抽象，但看起来还是比较底层。我希望能直接传递我的字典，并且能够以某种方式预定义列。（GtkBuilder可以预定义TreeView的列，但这并没有解决数据表示的繁琐问题。）
当我在TreeView列表上点击鼠标时，我还需要把所有东西转换回我的应用程序数据结构。而且，PyGTK在非主线程中运行时，并没有自动处理gtk+的调用，这让我觉得很烦。目前有很多GUI代码，我觉得这些代码其实不应该是必要的，或者可以简化。
? 那么，是否有其他的包装工具在PyGTK之上？或者还有哪些工具包支持更简单的网格/树视图显示接口。我听说wxPython是大家的最爱，但在Linux上不够成熟。而PyQT似乎和PyGTK的抽象层次差不多。我对TkInter了解不多，不知道它是否有更简单的接口，但看起来不太吸引人。PyFLTK也是如此。PyJamas听起来很有趣，但已经太远了（桌面应用程序）。
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所以，图形界面工具包要能把字典显示为网格。你会选择哪个呢？
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作为例子，这是我当前的TreeView映射函数。勉强能用，但我更希望有一些标准的东西：
#-- fill a treeview
#
# Adds treeviewcolumns/cellrenderers and liststore from a data dictionary.
# Its datamap and the table contents can be supplied in one or two steps.
# When new data gets applied, the columns aren't recreated.
#
# The columns are created according to the datamap, which describes cell
# mapping and layout. Columns can have multiple cellrenderers, but usually
# there is a direct mapping to a data source key from entries.
#
# datamap = [ # title width dict-key type, renderer, attrs
# ["Name", 150, ["titlerow", str, "text", {} ] ],
# [False, 0, ["interndat", int, None, {} ] ],
# ["Desc", 200, ["descriptn", str, "text", {} ], ["icon",str,"pixbuf",{}] ],
#
# An according entries list then would contain a dictionary for each row:
# entries = [ {"titlerow":"first", "interndat":123}, {"titlerow":"..."}, ]
# Keys not mentioned in the datamap get ignored, and defaults are applied
# for missing cols. All values must already be in the correct type however.
#
@staticmethod
def columns(widget, datamap=[], entries=[], pix_entry=False):
# create treeviewcolumns?
if (not widget.get_column(0)):
# loop through titles
datapos = 0
for n_col,desc in enumerate(datamap):
# check for title
if (type(desc[0]) != str):
datapos += 1 # if there is none, this is just an undisplayed data column
continue
# new tvcolumn
col = gtk.TreeViewColumn(desc[0]) # title
col.set_resizable(True)
# width
if (desc[1] > 0):
col.set_sizing(gtk.TREE_VIEW_COLUMN_FIXED)
col.set_fixed_width(desc[1])
# loop through cells
for var in xrange(2, len(desc)):
cell = desc[var]
# cell renderer
if (cell[2] == "pixbuf"):
rend = gtk.CellRendererPixbuf() # img cell
if (cell[1] == str):
cell[3]["stock_id"] = datapos # for stock icons
expand = False
else:
pix_entry = datapos
cell[3]["pixbuf"] = datapos
else:
rend = gtk.CellRendererText() # text cell
cell[3]["text"] = datapos
col.set_sort_column_id(datapos) # only on textual cells
# attach cell to column
col.pack_end(rend, expand=cell[3].get("expand",True))
# apply attributes
for attr,val in cell[3].iteritems():
col.add_attribute(rend, attr, val)
# next
datapos += 1
# add column to treeview
widget.append_column(col)
# finalize widget
widget.set_search_column(2) #??
widget.set_reorderable(True)
# add data?
if (entries):
#- expand datamap
vartypes = [] #(str, str, bool, str, int, int, gtk.gdk.Pixbuf, str, int)
rowmap = [] #["title", "desc", "bookmarked", "name", "count", "max", "img", ...]
if (not rowmap):
for desc in datamap:
for var in xrange(2, len(desc)):
vartypes.append(desc[var][3]) # content types
rowmap.append(desc[var][0]) # dict{} column keys in entries[] list
# create gtk array storage
ls = gtk.ListStore(*vartypes) # could be a TreeStore, too
# prepare for missing values, and special variable types
defaults = {
str: "",
unicode: u"",
bool: False,
int: 0,
gtk.gdk.Pixbuf: gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_data("\0\0\0\0",gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,True,8,1,1,4)
}
if gtk.gdk.Pixbuf in vartypes:
pix_entry = vartypes.index(gtk.gdk.Pixbuf)
# sort data into gtk liststore array
for row in entries:
# generate ordered list from dictionary, using rowmap association
row = [ row.get( skey , defaults[vartypes[i]] ) for i,skey in enumerate(rowmap) ]
# autotransform string -> gtk image object
if (pix_entry and type(row[pix_entry]) == str):
row[pix_entry] = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file(row[pix_entry])
# add
ls.append(row) # had to be adapted for real TreeStore (would require additional input for grouping/level/parents)
# apply array to widget
widget.set_model(ls)
return ls
pass