SQLAlchemy中可以实现多层次多态吗？

Question

在SQLAlchemy中，能不能实现多层次的多态性？这里有个例子：

class Entity(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'entities'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    created_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False)
    entity_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False)
    __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': entity_type}

class File(Entity):
    __tablename__ = 'files'
    id = Column(None, ForeignKey('entities.id'), primary_key=True)
    filepath = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False)
    file_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False)
    __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': u'file', 'polymorphic_on': file_type)

class Image(File):
    __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': u'image'}
    __tablename__ = 'images'
    id = Column(None, ForeignKey('files.id'), primary_key=True)
    width = Column(Integer)
    height = Column(Integer)

当我调用 Base.metadata.create_all() 时，SQLAlchemy会报出以下错误：

IntegrityError: (IntegrityError) entities.entity_type may not be NULL`.

如果我把 Image 模型和 File 中的 polymorphic_on 这个键去掉，这个错误就消失了。

这是怎么回事呢？

Answer 1

不可能实现（请查看SQLAlchemy文档）：

目前，只能设置一个区分列，通常是在继承结构中最基础的类上。现在还不支持“级联”的多态列。

所以你应该按照@nosklo的建议来改变你的继承模式。

Answer 2

是的。你代码的问题在于，你把Image当成了文件的一种，但实际上你应该把它看作树的顶部，把Image定义为一种实体。

举个例子：

from sqlalchemy import (Table, Column, Integer, String, create_engine,
    MetaData, ForeignKey)
from sqlalchemy.orm import mapper, create_session
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

e = create_engine('sqlite:////tmp/foo.db', echo=True)
Base = declarative_base(bind=e)

class Employee(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'employees'

    employee_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(50))
    type = Column(String(30), nullable=False)

    __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': type}

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

class Manager(Employee):
    __tablename__ = 'managers'
    __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'manager'}

    employee_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('employees.employee_id'),
        primary_key=True)
    manager_data = Column(String(50))

    def __init__(self, name, manager_data):
        super(Manager, self).__init__(name)
        self.manager_data = manager_data

class Owner(Manager):
    __tablename__ = 'owners'
    __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'owner'}

    employee_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('managers.employee_id'),
        primary_key=True)
    owner_secret = Column(String(50))

    def __init__(self, name, manager_data, owner_secret):
        super(Owner, self).__init__(name, manager_data)
        self.owner_secret = owner_secret

Base.metadata.drop_all()
Base.metadata.create_all()

s = create_session(bind=e, autoflush=True, autocommit=False)    
o = Owner('nosklo', 'mgr001', 'ownerpwd')
s.add(o)
s.commit()