Django Rest Framework - 缺失静态目录

Question

我最近在Digital Ocean上启动了一个服务器，里面预装了Ubuntu 14.04和Django。我想创建一个API，决定使用Django Rest Framework。我按照http://www.django-rest-framework.org/上的步骤安装了Django Rest Framework。

这是我在服务器上访问教程网站时的样子。

如你所见，这个页面看起来和Django Rest Framework教程网站上的样子不一样。这是因为当我查看我网站的源代码时，所有的/static/rest_framework/*文件都出现了404错误，也就是找不到的意思。

这是我在Django项目根目录下的settings.py文件。

"""
Django settings for django_project project.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '7Vnib8zBUEV3LfacGKi2rT185N36A8svyq8azJLvNpv7BxxzMK'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # Use hyperlinked styles by default.
    # Only used if the `serializer_class` attribute is not set on a view.
    'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS':
        'rest_framework.serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer',

    # Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
    # or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
    ]
}

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_project.urls'

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': 'django',
        'USER': 'django',
        'PASSWORD': 'yj4SM6qcP0',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

有没有人能帮我解决这个缺少/static/rest_framework/的错误？如果我要为我的应用程序创建一个API，我希望它看起来好看一些。

如果你需要其他信息来帮助解决这个问题，请告诉我，非常感谢你的帮助。

Answer 1

如果你在用Heroku来托管你的网站，可以试试这个链接。对我来说是有效的。https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/django-assets

总结一下：

1. 如果你还没有静态文件夹，先创建一个。（把它放在和你的manage.py文件同一级别）
2. 把Python包放到这个文件夹里（把这个文件夹复制到静态文件夹中 --> C:\Python37_64\Lib\site-packages\rest_framework）
3. 把下面的代码添加到你的项目中。

settings.py

...

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

...

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
# Simplified static file serving.
# https://warehouse.python.org/project/whitenoise/
'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',

...

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/howto/static-files/
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Extra places for collectstatic to find static files.
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),)

# Simplified static file serving.
# https://warehouse.python.org/project/whitenoise/
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'

requirements.txt

...
#add whotrnoise to requirements
whitenoise

Answer 2

我做了这个好几次，快要疯了。我把DEBUG设置成了False。

Answer 3

在我的情况下，我是依靠Gunicorn来运行服务器的。我尝试按照之前的讨论更新我的settings.py文件，但可惜的是，什么都没能解决我的问题。

最后，我在DRF的文档中反复琢磨，特别是这部分内容 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/

我通过更新urls.py文件解决了这个问题，具体做法如下。

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls), 
] + static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

然后我更新了settings.py，具体如下。

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')

现在执行 => python manage.py collectstatic

Answer 4

首先，你需要在Django的settings.py文件中设置静态文件的URL和静态根目录。

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static") 

然后，收集所有的静态文件。

python manage.py collectstatic

Answer 5

我找到了解决我问题的方法！

经过一番费脑子的研究，我重新阅读了这个 Stack Overflow 问题，之前看它的时候感觉没什么帮助。

现在我在我的 django_project 文件夹里的 settings.py 文件看起来是这样的。

"""
Django settings for django_project project.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'DwGCDqtcqzzGO2XK87u7bVSEUqHogZRFl4UdhkcCudSHxLUVvx'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # Use hyperlinked styles by default.
    # Only used if the `serializer_class` attribute is not set on a view.
    'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS':
        'rest_framework.serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer',

    # Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
    # or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
    ]
}

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_project.urls'

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_project.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
        'NAME': 'django',
        'USER': 'django',
        'PASSWORD': 'mpOQzpYFci',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/howto/static-files/

STATIC_ROOT = '/home/django/django_project/django_project/static'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)

我在 django_project 文件夹里，settings.py 文件旁边新建了一个名为 'static' 的文件夹，里面放了所有必要的资源，比如 'rest_framework' 和 'admin'。做完这些改动后，我重启了 gunicorn，然后重新加载了我的网页，结果成功了！

感谢那些试图帮助我的朋友们，你们确实让我朝着正确的方向前进，可能也让这个过程快了很多。