在python-eve API资源中添加实现HATEOAS的链接

3 投票
2 回答
614 浏览
提问于 2025-04-28 19:17

我正在使用 python-eve 来构建一个API。

我的设计很简单,包含两个资源:用户和设备:

  • /users[/ID]
  • /users/ID/devices[/ID]

代码在 (settings.py) 中是:

users_schema = {
  'nickName': {
    'type': 'string',
    'required': True,
  },
  'email': {
    'type': 'string',
    'required': True,
    'unique': True
  }
}

devices_schema = {
  'name': {
    'type': 'string',
    'required': True,
  },
  'user_id': {
    'type': 'objectid',
     'data_relation': {
        'resource': 'users',
        'embeddable': True
    },
  }
 }

users = {
  'item_title': 'user',
  'url': 'users',
  'schema': users_schema,
}

user_devices = {
  'resource_title': 'devices',
  'url': 'users/<regex("[a-f0-9]{24}"):user_id>/devices',
  'schema': devices_schema,
  'datasource': {
    'source': 'devices',
  }
}

DOMAIN = {
 'users': users,
 'user_devices': user_devices 
}

如果我创建一个用户,那么这个用户资源看起来像这样 (/users/54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09):

{
"_updated": "Tue, 21 Oct 2014 13:08:56 GMT",
"_etag": "d6ff9457f5b196a8c245a7dc91e7fca0d28c5268",
"_links": {
    "self": {
        "href": "/users/54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09",
        "title": "user"
    },
    "parent": {
        "href": "",
        "title": "home"
    },
    "collection": {
        "href": "/users",
        "title": "users"
    }
},
"_created": "Tue, 21 Oct 2014 13:08:56 GMT",
"_id": "54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09",
"nickName": "superuser",
"email": "super@user.com"
}

HATEOAS 默认是启用的。 在之前的资源中,我希望能看到一个指向用户设备的链接,也就是 /users/54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09/devices,因为这个接口是存在的,在代码中有定义(user_devices),而且运行得很好。

我该如何让 python-eve 理解 用户用户设备 之间的关系,以便将这些设备链接添加到用户资源中?否则,用户 54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09 就不知道如何获取设备。

我期待的结果是这样的:

{
"_updated": "Tue, 21 Oct 2014 13:08:56 GMT",
"_etag": "d6ff9457f5b196a8c245a7dc91e7fca0d28c5268",
"_links": {
    "self": {
        "href": "/users/54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09",
        "title": "user"
    },
    "devices": {
        "href": "/users/54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09/devices",
        "title": "devices"
    },
    "parent": {
        "href": "",
        "title": "home"
    },
    "collection": {
        "href": "/users",
        "title": "users"
    }
},
"_created": "Tue, 21 Oct 2014 13:08:56 GMT",
"_id": "54465ae80640fd0f60f6aa09",
"nickName": "superuser",
"email": "super@user.com"
}

这样就“显而易见”如何获取设备了。

非常感谢。

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2 个回答

0

我创建了一个自定义的钩子,用来把一个项目和其他集合连接起来。

把下面的代码加到你的应用里,然后定义一下你的项目和相关集合之间的数据关系。

举个例子,我有一些菜单是通过父节点连接的,所以在我的数据结构中有两个关系:

  • 当前项目的父菜单是哪个 --> 子菜单
  • 父菜单 --> 子菜单

所以我的数据结构是这样的(第一个关系是子菜单,第二个是父菜单):

"menu": {
  "type": "dict",
  "schema": {
    "_id": {
      "type": "objectid",
      "data_relation": {
        "resource": "menu",
        "field": "parent_menu",
        "embeddable": False,
      }
    },
    "id": { "type": "string" } ,
    "label": { "type": "string" },
    "url": { "type": "string" },
    "parent_menu": {
      "type": "objectid",
      "data_relation": {
        "resource": "menu",
        "field": "_id",
        "embeddable": True,
      },
    },
  },
},

这是根菜单的显示方式(只显示子菜单,不显示父菜单,链接关系是“菜单”):

{
  "_id":"5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae64",
  "id":"root",
  "label":"Home",
  "url":"/",
  "_links":{
    ...
    "self":{
      "title":"Menu",
      "href":"menu/5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae64"
    },
    ...
    "menu":{
      "title":"menu",
      "href":"menu?where={\"parent_menu\":\"5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae64\"}"
    }
  }
}

这是子菜单的样子(包含父菜单和子菜单的链接):

{
  "_id":"5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae65",
  "id":"submenu1",
  "label":"Submenu1",
  "url":"/#submenu1",
  "parent_menu":"5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae64",
  "_links":{
    ...
    "self":{
      "title":"Menu",
      "href":"menu/5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae65"
    },
    ...
    "menu":{
      "title":"menu",
      "href":"menu?where={\"parent_menu\":\"5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae65\"}"
    },
    "parent_menu":{
      "title":"menu",
      "href":"menu/5c6ab8a5467a938b027aae64"
    }
  }
}

应用的代码如下:

def createLink(ref_collection, ref_field, ref_value):

    print(f"createLink({ref_collection}, {ref_field}, {ref_value})")
    ref_value = f"{ref_value}"
    linkSufix = "/" + ref_value if ref_field == "_id" else "?where={\"" + ref_field + "\":\"" + ref_value + "\"}"

    linkRel = {
        "title": ref_collection,
        "href": ref_collection + linkSufix,
    }
    print(f"createLink result: \n{linkRel}")

    return linkRel

def add_links(resource_name, resource, schema):

    linked_item_keys = list(key for key in schema if "data_relation" in schema[key] and key in resource)
    print(f"linked_item_keys: {linked_item_keys}")

    for key in linked_item_keys:

        print(f"link needed for: {resource_name}.{key}")
        itemSchema = schema[key]
        item = resource[key]

        data_relation = itemSchema["data_relation"]
        ref_collection = data_relation["resource"]
        ref_field = data_relation["field"]

        link = createLink(ref_collection, ref_field, item)

        links = resource["_links"] if "_links" in resource else []
        link_rel = ref_collection if resource_name == ref_collection  and key == "_id" else key
        links[link_rel] = link
        resource["_links"] = links

def add_links_to_item(resource_name, response):
    print(f"------------------------------------")
    print(f"(on_fetched_item) {resource_name} ")
    print(f"response: \n{response}")

    schema = config.DOMAIN[resource_name]["schema"]
    print(f"""schema: \n{schema}""")
    add_links(resource_name, response, schema)

app = Eve()
app.on_fetched_item += add_links_to_item

希望这对你有帮助!!

1

你还需要在用户和设备之间建立一个连接。

users_schema = {
      'nickName': {
        'type': 'string',
        'required': True,
      },
    'data_relation': {
        'resource': 'user_devices',  # link to device on a field _id
        'field': '_id',
        'embeddable': True
    },
      'email': {
        'type': 'string',
        'required': True,
        'unique': True
      }
    }

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