Python argparse 值范围帮助信息显示
我有一个程序的参数,它是一个从1到100的整数,但我不太喜欢在使用argparse时,帮助信息(-h)里显示的样子(它会直接列出0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,等等)。
有没有办法改变这种显示方式,或者用其他方式来表示呢?
谢谢
编辑:
这是那些问我代码的人需要的代码:
norse = parser.add_argument_group('Norse')
norse.add_argument('-n', '--norse', required=False, help='Run the Norse IPViking scan.', action='store_true')
norse.add_argument('--threshold', required=False, type=int, choices=range(0,101), help='Threshold (0-100) denoting at what threat level to provide additional data on an IP \
address. Default is 49.', default=49)
5 个回答
0
我写了一个库来解决这个问题:argparse-range
>>> from argparse import ArgumentParser
>>> from argparse_range import range_action
>>> parser = ArgumentParser()
>>> parser.add_argument("rangedarg", action=range_action(0, 10), help="An argument")
>>> args = parser.parse_args(["0"])
>>> args.rangedarg
0
>>> parser.parse_args(["20"])
Traceback (most recent call last):
....
argparse.ArgumentTypeError: Invalid choice: 20 (must be in range 0..=10)
帮助文本会自动添加,不需要额外操作:
foo.py --help
usage: foo.py [-h] rangedarg
positional arguments:
rangedarg An argument (must be in range 0..=10)
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
其他功能包括:
- 能够一致地处理
default
(默认值)、metavar
(变量名)和nargs
(参数个数),和默认的 argparse 处理方式相同 - 类型推断,可以通过
type
参数来明确覆盖
2
这里有几种其他的方法可以做到这一点
def parseCommandArgs():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-i', dest='myDest', choices=range(1,101), type=int, required=True, metavar='INT[1,100]', help='my help message')
return parser.parse_args()
你也可以使用 action
,我非常推荐这种方法,因为它允许更多的自定义设置
def verify():
class Validity(argparse.Action):
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
if values < 1 or values > 100:
# do something
pass
return Validity
def parseCommandArgs():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-i', dest='myDest', required=True, metavar='INT[1,100]', help='my help message', action=verify())
return parser.parse_args()
8
使用自定义的 type
可以更方便地控制错误信息(通过 ArgumentTypeError
)。我仍然需要 metavar
来控制使用说明的显示。
import argparse
def range_type(astr, min=0, max=101):
value = int(astr)
if min<= value <= max:
return value
else:
raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError('value not in range %s-%s'%(min,max))
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
norse = parser.add_argument_group('Norse')
...
norse.add_argument('--range', type=range_type,
help='Value in range: Default is %(default)s.',
default=49, metavar='[0-101]')
parser.print_help()
print parser.parse_args()
生成:
2244:~/mypy$ python2.7 stack25295487.py --ran 102
usage: stack25295487.py [-h] [-n] [--threshold [0:101]] [--range [0-101]]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
Norse:
...
--range [0-101] Value in range: Default is 49.
usage: stack25295487.py [-h] [-n] [--threshold [0:101]] [--range [0-101]]
stack25295487.py: error: argument --range: value not in range 0-101
我可以使用 functools.partial
来定制范围值:
type=partial(range_type, min=10, max=90)
8
你可以自定义操作,比如:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import argparse
class Range(argparse.Action):
def __init__(self, minimum=None, maximum=None, *args, **kwargs):
self.min = minimum
self.max = maximum
kwargs["metavar"] = "[%d-%d]" % (self.min, self.max)
super(Range, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def __call__(self, parser, namespace, value, option_string=None):
if not (self.min <= value <= self.max):
msg = 'invalid choice: %r (choose from [%d-%d])' % \
(value, self.min, self.max)
raise argparse.ArgumentError(self, msg)
setattr(namespace, self.dest, value)
norse = argparse.ArgumentParser('Norse')
norse.add_argument('--threshold', required=False, type=int, min=0, max=100,
action=Range,
help='Threshold [%(min)d-%(max)d] denoting at what threat \
level to provide additional data on an IP address. \
Default is %(default)s.', default=49)
args = norse.parse_args()
print args
测试一下:
~: user$ ./test.py --threshold 10
Namespace(threshold=10)
~: user$ ./test.py --threshold -1
usage: Norse [-h] [--threshold [0-100]]
Norse: error: argument --threshold: invalid choice: -1 (choose from [0-100])
~: user$ ./test.py -h
usage: Norse [-h] [--threshold [0-100]]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--threshold [0-100] Threshold [0-100] denoting at what threat level to
provide additional data on an IP address. Default is
49.
33
使用 metavar
参数 在 add_argument()
函数中。
举个例子:
norse = parser.add_argument_group('Norse')
norse.add_argument('-n', '--norse', required=False, help='Run the Norse IPViking scan.', action='store_true')
norse.add_argument('--threshold', required=False, type=int, choices=range(0,101),
metavar="[0-100]",
help='Threshold (0-100) denoting at what threat level to provide additional data on an IP \
address. Default is 49.', default=49)
测试:
from argparse import ArgumentParser
norse = ArgumentParser()
norse.add_argument('-n', '--norse', required=False, help='Run the Norse IPViking scan.', action='store_true')
norse.add_argument('--threshold', required=False, type=int, choices=range(0,101), metavar="[0-100]", help='Threshold (0-100) denoting at what threat level to provide additional data on an IP address. Default is 49.', default=49)
norse.print_help()
结果:
usage: -c [-h] [-n] [--threshold [0-100]]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-n, --norse Run the Norse IPViking scan.
--threshold [0-100] Threshold (0-100) denoting at what threat level to
provide additional data on an IP address. Default is
49.