pygame 同时显示音频和视觉正弦波
这是我程序中的一个函数，它会在按下某个键时被调用。应该发生的事情是，当按下这个键时，会播放一个对应的音符，同时屏幕上也会出现一个正弦波。声音播放得很好，所以我就不再贴关于声音的代码了，但视觉效果这部分不工作，为什么这个波形不显示呢？
WINDOWWIDTH = 640 # width of the program's window, in pixels
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480 # height in pixels
WIN_CENTERX = int(WINDOWWIDTH / 2) # the midpoint for the width of the window
WIN_CENTERY = int(WINDOWHEIGHT / 2) # the midpoint for the height of the window
DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
fontObj = pygame.font.SysFont('freesansbold.ttf', 16)
FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
# set up a bunch of constants
BLUE = ( 0, 0, 255)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
DARKRED = (128, 0, 0)
DARKBLUE = ( 0, 0, 128)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = ( 0, 255, 0)
DARKGREEN = ( 0, 128, 0)
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0)
DARKYELLOW = (128, 128, 0)
BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0)
BGCOLOR = WHITE
FPS = 160 # frames per second to run at
pause = False
# making text Surface and Rect objects for various labels
sinLabelSurf = fontObj.render('sine', True, RED, BGCOLOR)
squareLabelSurf = fontObj.render('square', True, BLUE, BGCOLOR)
sinLabelRect = sinLabelSurf.get_rect()
squareLabelRect = squareLabelSurf.get_rect()
def MakeSineWave(freq=1000):
#### visual part ####
xPos = 0
step = 0
AMPLITUDE = 80 # how many pixels tall the waves with rise/fall.
posRecord = {'sin': [], 'line': []}
yPos = -1 * math.sin(step) * AMPLITUDE
posRecord['sin'].append((int(xPos), int(yPos) + WIN_CENTERY))
# draw the sine ball and label
pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, DARKRED, (int(xPos), int(yPos) + WIN_CENTERY), 10)
sinLabelRect.center = (int(xPos), int(yPos) + WIN_CENTERY + 20)
DISPLAYSURF.blit(sinLabelSurf, sinLabelRect)
# draw the waves from the previously recorded ball positions
for x, y in posRecord['sin']:
pygame.draw.circle(DISPLAYSURF, DARKRED, (x, y), 4)
# draw the border
pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, BLACK, (0, 0, WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT), 1)
pygame.display.update()
FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
if not pause:
xPos += 0.5
if xPos > WINDOWWIDTH:
xPos = 0
posRecord = {'sin': []}
step = 0
else:
step += 0.008
#### audial part ####
return MakeSound(SineWave(freq))
1 个回答
2
你只需要在按钮被按下的时候运行一次 MakeSineWave，但是绘制波浪的代码需要在每一个循环中一直运行。这样每次循环都会绘制出更长的波浪。
看起来你在另一个问题中询问如何绘制整个波浪并只移动红色的小球，而这个问题的答案需要对 MakeSineWave 进行不同的修改。
编辑：这段代码是可以工作的，但有点乱。它需要在主循环中减少直接的代码量，但在一些新的函数中需要更多的代码。
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import math
import numpy
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# functions
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def SineWave(freq=1000, volume=16000, length=1):
num_steps = length * SAMPLE_RATE
s = []
for n in range(num_steps):
value = int(math.sin(n * freq * (6.28318/SAMPLE_RATE) * length) * volume)
s.append( [value, value] )
return numpy.array(s)
#-------------------
def SquareWave(freq=1000, volume=100000, length=1):
num_steps = length * SAMPLE_RATE
s = []
length_of_plateau = int( SAMPLE_RATE / (2*freq) )
print num_steps, length_of_plateau
counter = 0
state = 1
for n in range(num_steps):
value = state * volume
s.append( [value, value] )
counter += 1
if counter == length_of_plateau:
counter = 0
state *= -1
return numpy.array(s)
#-------------------
def MakeSound(arr):
return pygame.sndarray.make_sound(arr)
#-------------------
def MakeSquareWave(freq=1000):
return MakeSound(SquareWave(freq))
#-------------------
def MakeSineWave(freq=1000):
return MakeSound(SineWave(freq))
#-------------------
def DrawSineWave():
# sine wave
yPos = -1 * math.sin(step) * AMPLITUDE
posRecord['sin'].append((int(xPos), int(yPos) + WIN_CENTERY))
if showSine:
# draw the sine ball and label
pygame.draw.circle(screen, RED, (int(xPos), int(yPos) + WIN_CENTERY), 10)
sinLabelRect.center = (int(xPos), int(yPos) + WIN_CENTERY + 20)
screen.blit(sinLabelSurf, sinLabelRect)
# draw the waves from the previously recorded ball positions
if showSine:
for x, y in posRecord['sin']:
pygame.draw.circle(screen, DARKRED, (x, y), 4)
#-------------------
def DrawSquareWave():
# square wave
posRecord['square'].append((int(xPos), int(yPosSquare) + WIN_CENTERY))
if showSquare:
# draw the square ball and label
pygame.draw.circle(screen, GREEN, (int(xPos), int(yPosSquare) + WIN_CENTERY), 10)
squareLabelRect.center = (int(xPos), int(yPosSquare) + WIN_CENTERY + 20)
screen.blit(squareLabelSurf, squareLabelRect)
# draw the waves from the previously recorded ball positions
if showSquare:
for x, y in posRecord['square']:
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLUE, (x, y), 4)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# constants - (uppercase name)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# set up a bunch of constants
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
DARKRED = (128, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0)
GREEN = ( 0, 255, 0)
BLUE = ( 0, 0, 255)
BGCOLOR = WHITE
WINDOWWIDTH = 1200 # width of the program's window, in pixels
WINDOWHEIGHT = 720 # height in pixels
WIN_CENTERX = int(WINDOWWIDTH / 2) # the midpoint for the width of the window
WIN_CENTERY = int(WINDOWHEIGHT / 2) # the midpoint for the height of the window
FPS = 160 # frames per second to run at
AMPLITUDE = 80 # how many pixels tall the waves with rise/fall.
#-------------------
SAMPLE_RATE = 22050 ## This many array entries == 1 second of sound.
SINE_WAVE_TYPE = 'Sine'
SQUARE_WAVE_TYPE = 'Square'
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# main program
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
#-------------------
# variables (which don't depend on pygame)
#-------------------
sound_types = {SINE_WAVE_TYPE:SQUARE_WAVE_TYPE, SQUARE_WAVE_TYPE:SINE_WAVE_TYPE}
current_type = SINE_WAVE_TYPE
current_played = { 'z': None, 'c': None }
current_drawn = None
#-------------------
# variables that track visibility modes
showSine = True
showSquare = True
xPos = 0
step = 0 # the current input f
posRecord = {'sin': [], 'square': []} # keeps track of the ball positions for drawing the waves
yPosSquare = AMPLITUDE # starting position
#-------------------
# start program
#-------------------
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT), pygame.HWSURFACE | pygame.DOUBLEBUF)
pygame.display.set_caption('Nibbles!')
# making text Surface and Rect objects for various labels
pygame.display.set_caption('Trig Waves')
fontObj = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 16)
### HERE
squareLabelSurf = fontObj.render('square', True, BLUE, BGCOLOR)
squareLabelRect = squareLabelSurf.get_rect()
sinLabelSurf = fontObj.render('sine', True, RED, BGCOLOR)
sinLabelRect = sinLabelSurf.get_rect()
#-------------------
# mainloop
#-------------------
fps_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
_running = True
while _running:
#-------------------
# events
#-------------------
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
_running = False
# some keys don't depend on `current_type`
elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
_running = False
if event.key == K_RETURN:
current_type = sound_types[current_type] #Toggle
print 'new type:', current_type
# some keys depend on `current_type`
if current_type == SINE_WAVE_TYPE:
if event.type == KEYDOWN:
#lower notes DOWN
if event.key == K_z:
print current_type, 130.81
current_played['z'] = MakeSineWave(130.81)
current_played['z'].play()
current_drawn = DrawSineWave
elif event.key == K_c:
print current_type, 180.81
current_played['c'] = MakeSineWave(180.81)
current_played['c'].play()
current_drawn = DrawSineWave
elif event.type == KEYUP:
#lower notes UP
if event.key == K_z:
current_played['z'].fadeout(350)
current_drawn = None
#sine - reset data
xPos = 0
posRecord['sin'] = []
step = 0
elif event.key == K_c:
current_played['c'].fadeout(350)
current_drawn = None
#sine - reset data
xPos = 0
posRecord['sin'] = []
step = 0
elif current_type == SQUARE_WAVE_TYPE:
if event.type == KEYDOWN:
#lower notes DOWN
if event.key == K_z:
print current_type, 130.81
current_played['z'] = MakeSquareWave(130.81)
current_played['z'].play()
current_drawn = DrawSquareWave
elif event.key == K_c:
print current_type, 180.81
current_played['c'] = MakeSquareWave(180.81)
current_played['c'].play()
current_drawn = DrawSquareWave
elif event.type == KEYUP:
#lower notes UP
if event.key == K_z:
current_played['z'].fadeout(350)
current_drawn = None
# square - reset data
xPos = 0
yPosSquare = AMPLITUDE
posRecord['square'] = []
step = 0
elif event.key == K_c:
current_played['c'].fadeout(350)
current_drawn = None
# square - reset data
xPos = 0
yPosSquare = AMPLITUDE
posRecord['square'] = []
step = 0
#-------------------
# draws
#-------------------
# fill the screen to draw from a blank state
screen.fill(BGCOLOR)
if current_drawn:
current_drawn()
pygame.display.update()
#-------------------
# moves
#-------------------
if current_drawn:
xPos += 1.0 #0.5
if xPos > WINDOWWIDTH:
#sine ### HERE
xPos = 0
posRecord['sin'] = []
step = 0
# square ### HERE
yPosSquare = AMPLITUDE
posRecord['square'] = []
else:
#sine ### HERE
step += 0.008
#step %= 2 * math.pi
# square ### HERE
# jump top and bottom every 100 pixels
if xPos % 100 == 0:
yPosSquare *= -1
# add vertical line
for x in range(-AMPLITUDE, AMPLITUDE):
posRecord['square'].append((int(xPos), int(x) + WIN_CENTERY))
#-------------------
# FPS
#-------------------
fps_clock.tick(FPS)
#-------------------
# end program
#-------------------
pygame.quit()
#----------------------------------------------------------------------