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java spring。简介。不从命令行接受active，但在IDE中工作

2 月 Questions & Answers

在这里有点不知所措。我有一个示例应用程序/概念验证，我正在尝试使用以下配置：

第1层：利用Spring组件的库，隐藏在远离最终用户库/应用程序的地方

第2层：拉入上述库的库，但在其他方面是非Spring实现的。足够聪明，可以自动建立Spring上下文，但是对库的用户隐藏细节

第3层：使用第2层“中间件”库的应用程序，也不支持Spring

我已经按照我的预期完成了所有这些工作，甚至能够设置活动概要文件（spring.profiles.active），并从第3层应用程序的类路径中提取正确的属性文件。奇怪的是：

如果我从IDE（IntelliJ）运行应用程序，并让它通过命令行上的活动配置文件，所有操作都会按预期进行。从“生产”属性文件加载的值将覆盖默认属性文件中的值。也就是说，application-production.properties中的键X的值覆盖了application.properties中的X的值

很好，对吗？好的，试着从命令行运行jar，做同样的事情（java -Dspring.profiles.active=production -jar my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar）。我在调试日志中看到，“生产”属性文件被选中，但默认文件被赋予优先权。也就是说，正在使用application.properties中的值，即使Spring上下文清楚地声明“production”处于活动状态，并且它可以很好地查找和加载application-production.properties

呃，哇

还有其他人经历过这种情况吗？如果有，有什么解决办法吗？我正在引入Spring IO平台布鲁塞尔-SR5，其中包括版本4.3.11。SpringCore、SpringContext等的发布。应用程序的jar是一个包含所有依赖项的着色jar。两个库罐没有着色

编辑

日志相当长。。。我将尝试剪切到相关部分

william@jessie:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app$ java -Dspring.profiles.active=production -jar example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar 
20:20:18.726 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding PropertySource 'systemProperties' with lowest search precedence
20:20:18.732 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding PropertySource 'systemEnvironment' with lowest search precedence
20:20:18.733 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Initialized StandardEnvironment with PropertySources [MapPropertySource@20557198 {name='systemProperties', properties={java.runtime.name=OpenJDK Runtime Environment, sun.boot.library.path=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/i386, java.vm.version=25.141-b15, java.vm.vendor=Oracle Corporation, java.vendor.url=http://java.oracle.com/, path.separator=:, java.vm.name=OpenJDK Server VM, file.encoding.pkg=sun.io, user.country=US, sun.java.launcher=SUN_STANDARD, sun.os.patch.level=unknown, java.vm.specification.name=Java Virtual Machine Specification, user.dir=/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app, java.runtime.version=1.8.0_141-8u141-b15-1~deb9u1-b15, java.awt.graphicsenv=sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment, java.endorsed.dirs=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/endorsed, os.arch=i386, spring.profiles.active=production, java.io.tmpdir=/tmp, line.separator=
, java.vm.specification.vendor=Oracle Corporation, os.name=Linux, sun.jnu.encoding=UTF-8, java.library.path=/usr/java/packages/lib/i386:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/jni:/lib/i386-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/jni:/lib:/usr/lib, java.specification.name=Java Platform API Specification, java.class.version=52.0, sun.management.compiler=HotSpot Tiered Compilers, os.version=4.9.0-3-686-pae, user.home=/home/william, user.timezone=America/New_York, java.awt.printerjob=sun.print.PSPrinterJob, file.encoding=UTF-8, java.specification.version=1.8, java.class.path=example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar, user.name=william, java.vm.specification.version=1.8, sun.java.command=example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar, java.home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre, sun.arch.data.model=32, user.language=en, java.specification.vendor=Oracle Corporation, awt.toolkit=sun.awt.X11.XToolkit, java.vm.info=mixed mode, java.version=1.8.0_141, java.ext.dirs=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/ext:/usr/java/packages/lib/ext, sun.boot.class.path=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/resources.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/rt.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/sunrsasign.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/jce.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-i386/jre/classes, java.vendor=Oracle Corporation, file.separator=/, java.vendor.url.bug=http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/, sun.io.unicode.encoding=UnicodeLittle, sun.cpu.endian=little, sun.cpu.isalist=}}, SystemEnvironmentPropertySource@5592464 {name='systemEnvironment', properties={ .. truncated ..}}]
20:20:18.765 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver - Resolved classpath location [tech/chihuahua/examples/] to resources [URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/]]
20:20:18.767 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver - Looking for matching resources in jar file [file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar]
20:20:18.786 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver - Resolved location pattern [classpath*:tech/chihuahua/examples/**/*.class] to resources [URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/client/GreetingClient.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/client/GreetingClientImpl.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/client/GreetingClientFactory.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryProductionContext.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryStagingContext.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryDefaultContext.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryIntegrationTestContext.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryProductionContext$ProductionProperties.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryIntegrationTestContext$IntegrationTestProperties.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryStagingContext$StagingProperties.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryDefaultContext$DefaultProperties.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/Profiles.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/LibraryContextProvider.class], URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/service/GreetingService.class]]
20:20:18.825 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner - Identified candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryProductionContext.class]
20:20:18.825 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner - Identified candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryStagingContext.class]
20:20:18.831 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner - Identified candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryDefaultContext.class]
20:20:18.832 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner - Identified candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryIntegrationTestContext.class]
20:20:18.840 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Found key 'spring.profiles.active' in PropertySource 'systemProperties' with value of type String
20:20:18.840 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner - Identified candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryProductionContext$ProductionProperties.class]
20:20:18.842 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner - Identified candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/config/LibraryDefaultContext$DefaultProperties.class]
20:20:18.845 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner - Identified candidate component class: URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/service/GreetingService.class]
20:20:18.858 [main] INFO org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@16f64b1: startup date [Thu Oct 05 20:20:18 EDT 2017]; root of context hierarchy
20:20:18.858 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Bean factory for org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@16f64b1: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@1629756: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor,org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory,libraryProductionContext,libraryStagingContext,libraryDefaultContext,libraryIntegrationTestContext,libraryProductionContext.ProductionProperties,libraryDefaultContext.DefaultProperties,greetingService]; root of factory hierarchy
20:20:18.883 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating shared instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor'
20:20:18.883 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor'
20:20:18.902 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor' to allow for resolving potential circular references
20:20:18.904 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor'
20:20:18.930 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding PropertySource 'class path resource [application-production.properties]' with lowest search precedence
20:20:18.936 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.StandardEnvironment - Adding PropertySource 'class path resource [application.properties]' with search precedence immediately higher than 'class path resource [application-production.properties]'
20:20:18.938 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver - Resolved classpath location [tech/chihuahua/examples/] to resources [URL [jar:file:/mnt/builds/william/src/mixed-spring-legacy-app/example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar!/tech/chihuahua/examples/]]

因此，您可以在这里看到，特定于概要文件的属性文件被设置为比catch-all属性文件更低的优先级。而且

20:20:19.128 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Eagerly caching bean 'greetingService' to allow for resolving potential circular references
20:20:19.128 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata - Processing injected element of bean 'greetingService': AutowiredMethodElement for public void tech.chihuahua.examples.service.GreetingService.setEnvironment(org.springframework.core.env.Environment)
20:20:19.130 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'environment'
20:20:19.130 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - Autowiring by type from bean name 'greetingService' to bean named 'environment'
    Active profile: production
20:20:19.179 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Found key 'tech.chihuahua.examples.greeting.format' in PropertySource 'class path resource [application.properties]' with value of type String
    tech.chihuahua.examples.greeting.format set to 'Hi, %s!'
20:20:19.179 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Finished creating instance of bean 'greetingService'
20:20:19.179 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer'
20:20:19.180 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory'
20:20:19.210 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext - Unable to locate LifecycleProcessor with name 'lifecycleProcessor': using default [org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor@1afa13b]
20:20:19.210 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'lifecycleProcessor'
20:20:19.212 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Could not find key 'spring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain' in any property source
20:20:19.214 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'greetingService'
20:20:19.214 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.core.env.PropertySourcesPropertyResolver - Found key 'tech.chihuahua.examples.greeting.format' in PropertySource 'class path resource [application.properties]' with value of type String
Hi, Jack!

在我实际调用bean的地方，我添加了代码来显示哪个概要文件是活动的，以及属性值包含什么

正如我前面所说的，当从IDE运行时，它可以正常工作，但不能从jar文件运行

编辑#2

因此，我尝试从jar中删除属性文件，并在当前目录中运行它们。同样的结果。将jar转储到文件夹中，将属性文件添加到该文件夹中。。。就像它应该的那样工作。所以这肯定与混合中的罐子有关


共 (2) 个答案

  1. # 1 楼答案

    所以我终于想出了一个解决办法。至于为什么它在一个文件夹中处理所有类/属性文件，而不是在jar中，我能给出的最好答案是“紫色，因为外星人不戴帽子。”

    无论如何，我要做的是添加另一个“profiled”属性类，该类特定于“default”配置文件。它将接收“application default.properties”文件中的任何内容，并且只有在没有激活其他配置文件的情况下才会被激活。“application.properties”文件不应包含基于活动配置文件将被覆盖的数据

    这是如何工作的代码示例

    全包/根配置

    package tech.chihuahua.examples.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer;
import tech.chihuahua.examples.service.GreetingService;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("tech.chihuahua.examples")
public class LibraryContext {

    @Configuration
    @PropertySources({
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "${spring.config.location}/application.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true),
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "classpath:application.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true)
    })
    static class ApplicationProperties {}

    @Bean
    GreetingService greetingService() {
        return new GreetingService();
    }

    @Bean
    static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer() {
        return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
    }

}

    默认值，适用于没有激活的配置文件时

    package tech.chihuahua.examples.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySources;

@Configuration
public class LibraryDefaultContext {

    @Profile("default")
    @Configuration
    @PropertySources({
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "${spring.config.location}/application-default.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true),
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "classpath:application-default.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true)
    })
    static class DefaultProperties {}

}

    生产配置文件激活

    package tech.chihuahua.examples.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySources;
import tech.chihuahua.examples.Profiles;

@Configuration
public class LibraryProductionContext {

    @Profile(Profiles.PRODUCTION)
    @Configuration
    @PropertySources({
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "${spring.config.location}/application-production.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true),
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "classpath:application-production.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true)
    })
    static class ProductionProperties {}

}

    登台配置文件处于活动状态

    package tech.chihuahua.examples.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySources;
import tech.chihuahua.examples.Profiles;

@Configuration
public class LibraryStagingContext {

    @Profile(Profiles.STAGING)
    @Configuration
    @PropertySources({
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "${spring.config.location}/application-staging.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true),
            @PropertySource(
                    value = "classpath:application-staging.properties",
                    ignoreResourceNotFound = true)
    })
    static class StagingProperties {}

}

    所有这些都准备好了，构建uber jar。如果需要，将属性文件包括在jar中，或者确保它们位于您机器上的文件夹中（例如/etc/my app）

    # The general application configuration settings go here.
/etc/my-app/application.properties

# The default configuration settings go here
# (e.g. configure the application to use an in-memory database)
/etc/my-app/application-default.properties

# The production configuration settings go here
# (e.g. configure the application to use your production database)
/etc/my-app/application-production.properties

# The staging configuration settings go here
# (e.g. configure the application to use a staging/test database)
/etc/my-app/application-staging.properties

    使用默认设置执行应用程序

    如果没有指定其他配置文件，Spring会自动将“默认”配置文件设置为活动。所以在这里，将获取“application default.properties”文件，并使用其配置

    # Using the properties files in the classpath in the jar
java -jar my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar

# Using the properties files on the file system
java -Dspring.config.location=file:///etc/my-app \
     -jar my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar

    在产品配置文件处于活动状态时执行应用程序

    通过启用“生产”配置文件，“默认”配置文件将不会被激活。因此，“application default.properties”被忽略，而“application production.properties”被加载

    # Using the properties files in the classpath in the jar
java -Dspring.profiles.active=production \
     -jar my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar

# Using the properties files on the file system
java -Dspring.profiles.active=production \
     -Dspring.config.location=file:///etc/my-app \
     -jar my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar

    在登台配置文件处于活动状态时执行应用程序

    和前面一样，只使用“staging”配置文件而不是“production”

    # Using the properties files in the classpath in the jar
java -Dspring.profiles.active=staging \
     -jar my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar

# Using the properties files on the file system
java -Dspring.profiles.active=staging \
     -Dspring.config.location=file:///etc/my-app \
     -jar my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar

    希望这能帮你节省时间和烦恼

  2. # 2 楼答案

    将属性名称用引号括起来，如下所示，然后重试。这应该是有效的：

    java -D"spring.profiles.active"=production -jar example-app/target/example-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT-full.jar

    请确认建议的更改是否解决了问题