Java/Swing：如何通过将对象写入文件/磁盘并从文件/磁盘读取来保存应用程序

Question

我的应用程序允许用户上传一幅图像，在上面绘制矩形进行注释，并将注释附加到该注释区域。我想开发一个保存功能，当用户单击保存按钮时，应用程序将保存与图像相关的注释和注释（如果用户有）。如果用户退出应用程序并再次打开它，然后上载以前添加注释/保存的图像，应用程序将相应地显示/重画矩形，注释仍保持不变

因为我保存了多个矩形和注释，所以我很难弄清楚如何正确地实现这种行为

（注意：我不想将带有图像的矩形和注释保存到一个文件中，相反，我在寻找应用程序只保存矩形和注释的行为，并带有对原始图像文件的某种引用，例如名称）。为了清楚起见，我在下面提供了我的代码

模型。爪哇：

public class Model {
    Annotator annotator;
    Box selectedBox;
    
    public Model() {
        annotator = new Annotator();
    }
    
    public void setAnnotator(Annotator a) { annotator = a; }
    public Annotator getAnnotator() { return annotator; }

    public void setSelectedBox(Box b) { selectedBox = b; }
    public Box getSelectedBox() { return selectedBox; }
    public void clearSelectedBox() { selectedBox = null; }

}

盒子。爪哇：

public class Box {
    int bWidth, bHeight, bX, bY;
    String bImageName, bComment = "";
    public boolean isSelected = false;
    
    Color foreground;
    Rectangle rectangle;
    
    public Box(int width, int height) {
        bWidth = width;
        bHeight = height;
    }
    
    public Box(Color foreground, Rectangle rectangle) {
        this.foreground = foreground;
        this.rectangle = rectangle;
    }
    
    public void setImageName(String imageName) { bImageName = imageName; }
    public String getImageName() { return bImageName; }
    
    public void setComment(String comment) { bComment = comment; }
    public String getComment() { return bComment; }
    
    public void setX(int x) { bX = x; }
    public int getX() { return bX; }
    
    public void setY(int y) { bY = y; }
    public int getY() { return bY; }
    
    public Color getForeground()
    {
        return foreground;
    }

    public void setForeground(Color foreground)
    {
        this.foreground = foreground;
    }

    public Rectangle getRectangle()
    {
        return rectangle;
    }
    
}

绘图区域。爪哇：

public class DrawingArea extends JPanel implements BoxSelectionListener
    {
        private final static int AREA_SIZE = 490;
        private BufferedImage image =
            new BufferedImage(AREA_SIZE, AREA_SIZE, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        private Rectangle shape;
        public ArrayList<Box> rectangles = new ArrayList<Box>();
        Model model;
        //public String imageName = ""; // this will store the image/file name

        public DrawingArea(Model m)
        {
            setBackground(Color.WHITE);
            this.model = m;
            MyMouseListener ml = new MyMouseListener();
            addMouseListener(ml);
            addMouseMotionListener(ml);
        }

            
        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g)
        {
            super.paintComponent(g);

            //  Custom code to support painting from the BufferedImage

            if (image != null)
            {
                g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
            }
            
            Color foreground = g.getColor();


            for (Box b : rectangles)
            {
                g.setColor( b.getForeground() );
                Rectangle r = b.getRectangle();
                g.drawRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
            }

            //  Paint the Rectangle as the mouse is being dragged

            if (shape != null)
            {
                Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;
                g2d.draw( shape );
            }
        }

        public void addRectangle(Rectangle rectangle, Color color)
        {
            //  Draw the Rectangle onto the BufferedImage

            Box b = new Box(color, rectangle);
            rectangles.add( b );
            repaint();
        }
        
        public void loadImage() // I'm assuming this is where the logic needs to go for loading from file
        {
            JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
            chooser.showOpenDialog(null);
            File f = chooser.getSelectedFile();
            ImageAnnotator.ImageName.setText(f.getName()); // here I'm saving the name of image/file
            try {
                image = scaleImage(490, 490, ImageIO.read(new File(f.getAbsolutePath())));
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
            g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            repaint();
        }

        public void saveImage() {
           // save rectangles and attached comments
        }
        
        class MyMouseListener extends MouseInputAdapter
        {
            private Point startPoint;

            public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
                // Mark the clip point
                startPoint = e.getPoint();
            }

            public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
                // Only create the shape when dragging starts
                if (shape == null) {
                    shape = new Rectangle();
                }
                int x = Math.min(startPoint.x, e.getX());
                int y = Math.min(startPoint.y, e.getY());
                int width = Math.abs(startPoint.x - e.getX());
                int height = Math.abs(startPoint.y - e.getY());

                shape.setBounds(x, y, width, height);
                repaint();
            }

            public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
                if (shape != null) {
                    if (shape.width != 0 || shape.height != 0) {
                        addRectangle(shape, e.getComponent().getForeground());
                        ImageAnnotator.btnNewButton.setVisible(true);
                        ImageAnnotator.textPane.setVisible(true);
                    }
                } else {
                    for (Box b : rectangles) {
                        if (b.getRectangle().contains(e.getPoint())) {
                            didSelect(b);
                            repaint();
                        }
                        else 
                            b.setForeground(Color.black);
                            repaint();
                            b.isSelected = false;
                    }
                    
                }

                startPoint = null;
                shape = null;
            }
        }
    }