java在使用seleniumwebdriver运行测试时访问远程计算机剪贴板上的数据

Question

我有如下设置：

Machine 1 - Ubuntu - selenium hub
Machine 2 - Ubuntu - selenium node
Machine 3 - Windows 8.1 - selenium node

为了执行测试，我使用RemoteWebDriver并在hub上配置Jenkins CI

问题：我正在测试的URL有一个按钮，单击该按钮可将数据复制到剪贴板除非粘贴，否则最终用户看不到数据我关心的是，在本地运行时，我能够使用以下方法获取系统剪贴板数据：

strScript = (String) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard()
        .getData(DataFlavor.stringFlavor);

但在远程机器上从jenkins触发代码时，我无法获取内容并收到以下错误：

java.awt.HeadlessException: 
No X11 DISPLAY variable was set, but this program performed an operation which requires it.

很明显，它正试图在jenkins服务器上获取数据，但存在某些显示问题。但我的要求是在点击按钮后获取存储在远程机器上的数据

有什么解决办法吗

谢谢

Answer 1

如果Selenium网格环境在您的控制之下，并且您拥有设置节点的特权，那么下面将介绍如何构建它

• 构建一个自定义节点servlet，调用该servlet时将返回剪贴板的内容
• 使用这个新构建的自定义servlet启动节点
• 使用诸如Talk2Grid之类的库查找会话路由到的节点的IP和端口
• 使用获取的IP和端口调用自定义servlet以访问剪贴板

下面的示例应该解释所有这一切（我使用的是selenium 3.141.59）

正在使用的依赖项

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
  <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
  <version>3.141.59</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
  <artifactId>selenium-server</artifactId>
  <version>3.141.59</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.rationaleemotions</groupId>
  <artifactId>talk2grid</artifactId>
  <version>1.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
  <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
  <version>7.0.0</version>
</dependency>

自定义servlet如下所示

package com.rationaleemotions.servlets;

import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor;
import java.awt.datatransfer.UnsupportedFlavorException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.openqa.selenium.json.Json;

public class ClipboardServlet extends HttpServlet {

  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws IOException {
    response.setContentType("application/json");
    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    response.setStatus(200);
    try {
      String text = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard()
          .getData(DataFlavor.stringFlavor)
          .toString();
      Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
      map.put("contents", text);
      response.getWriter().append(new Json().toJson(map));
    } catch (UnsupportedFlavorException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
}

这里让我们假设我们的servlet属于名为“servlets.jar”的jar。 以下是如何启动节点

java -cp servlets:selenium-server-standalone-3.141.59.jar org.openqa.grid.selenium.GridLauncherV3 -role node -servlets com.rationaleemotions.servlets.ClipboardServlet

使用命令启动集线器

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.141.59.jar -role hub

这是一个将使用所有这些的示例

package com.rationaleemotions;

import com.rationaleemotions.pojos.Host;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.json.Json;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class ClipboardSample {

  private RemoteWebDriver driver;

  @BeforeClass
  public void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"),
        DesiredCapabilities.chrome());
  }

  @Test
  public void demo() throws Exception {
    String text = "Mussum ipsum cacilds, vidis litro abertis. Consetis adipiscings elitis. Pra lá , depois divoltis porris, paradis. Paisis, filhis, espiritis santis. Mé faiz elementum girarzis, nisi eros vermeio, in elementis mé pra quem é amistosis quis leo. Manduma pindureta quium dia nois paga.";
    driver.navigate().to("https://googlechrome.github.io/samples/async-clipboard/");

    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("textarea#out")).sendKeys(text);
    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
    takeScreenshot();
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("button#copy")).click();
    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
    Host grid = new Host("localhost", "4444");
    Host node = new GridApiAssistant(grid)
        .getNodeDetailsForSession(driver.getSessionId().toString());
    String url = String
        .format("http://%s:%d/extra/ClipboardServlet", node.getIpAddress(), node.getPort());
    Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();

    Call call = new OkHttpClient.Builder().build().newCall(request);
    Response response = call.execute();
    String localClipboardData = response.body().string();
    Map<String, String> data = new Json().toType(localClipboardData, Map.class);
    Assert.assertEquals(text, data.get("contents"));
  }

  private void takeScreenshot() throws IOException {
    File src = driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
    File target = new File(
        System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "target" + File.separator +
            "screenshot.jpg");
    FileUtils.copyFile(src, target);
  }

  @AfterClass
  public void afterClass() {
    if (driver != null) {
      driver.quit();
    }
  }
}