java将外部化值注入Spring注释

Question

我一直在考虑在编译时评估注释值的Java特性，它似乎真的很难将注释值外部化

然而，我不确定这是否真的是不可能的，所以我希望能得到任何建议或明确的答案

更重要的是，我正在尝试外部化一个注释值，该值控制Spring中预定方法调用之间的延迟，例如：

public class SomeClass {

    private Properties props;
    private static final long delay = 0;

    @PostConstruct
    public void initializeBean() {
        Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("scheduling.properties");
        props = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
        delay = props.getProperties("delayValue");
    }

    @Scheduled(fixedDelay = delay)
    public void someMethod(){
        // perform something
    }
}

假设scheduling.properties位于类路径上，包含属性键delayValue及其相应的长值

现在，这段代码有明显的编译错误，因为我们试图给final变量赋值，但这是必须的，因为我们不能把变量赋值给注释值，除非它是static final

有没有办法绕过这件事？我一直在考虑Spring的定制注释，但根本问题仍然存在——如何将外部化的值分配给注释

任何想法都欢迎

编辑：一个小的更新——对于这个例子来说，Quartz集成有点过头了。我们只需要一个亚分钟分辨率的周期性执行，仅此而已

Answer 1

一些spring注释支持SpEL

首先：

<context:property-placeholder
    location="file:${external.config.location}/application.properties" />

然后，例如：

@Value("${delayValue}")
private int delayValue;

不过，我不确定@Scheduled是否支持SPeL，但总的来说，这是一种方法

关于日程安排，请勾选此post of mine和this related question

Answer 2

SpringV3中的@Scheduled注释。2.2在原来的3个长参数的基础上增加了字符串参数来处理这个问题fixedDelayString、fixedRateString和initialDelayString现在也可以使用：

 @Scheduled(fixedDelayString = "${my.delay.property}")
 public void someMethod(){
        // perform something
 }

Answer 3

更好的方法是使用任务名称空间在xml中定义调度

<context:property-placeholder location="scheduling.properties"/>
<task:scheduled ref="someBean" method="someMethod" fixed-delay="${delayValue}"/>

如果出于某种原因希望对注释执行此操作，则需要创建一个注释，该注释具有另一个可选属性，您可以在其中指定属性名称，或者更好地指定属性占位符表达式或Spel表达式

@MyScheduled(fixedDelayString="${delay}")

Answer 4

谢谢你们的回答，你们提供了有价值的信息，让我找到了这个解决方案，所以我对两个答案都投了赞成票

我选择了定制bean后处理器和定制@Scheduled注释

代码很简单（本质上是对现有Spring代码的一个微不足道的修改），我真的很想知道为什么他们一开始就不这么做BeanPostProcessor的代码计数实际上翻了一番，因为我选择处理旧注释和新注释

如果你对如何改进这段代码有任何建议，我很乐意听听

CustomScheduled类（注释）

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface CustomScheduled {

    String cron() default "";

    String fixedDelay() default "";

    String fixedRate() default "";
}

CustomScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor类

public class CustomScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, Ordered, EmbeddedValueResolverAware, ApplicationContextAware, ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent>, DisposableBean 
{
    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);

    // omitted code is the same as in ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor......

    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        return bean;
    }

    // processes both @Scheduled and @CustomScheduled annotations
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(final Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        final Class<?> targetClass = AopUtils.getTargetClass(bean);
        ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(targetClass, new MethodCallback() {
            public void doWith(Method method) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {

                Scheduled oldScheduledAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(method, Scheduled.class);
                if (oldScheduledAnnotation != null) {
                    LOG.info("@Scheduled found at method {}", method.getName());
                    Assert.isTrue(void.class.equals(method.getReturnType()), "Only void-returning methods may be annotated with @Scheduled.");
                    Assert.isTrue(method.getParameterTypes().length == 0, "Only no-arg methods may be annotated with @Scheduled.");
                    if (AopUtils.isJdkDynamicProxy(bean)) {
                        try {
                            // found a @Scheduled method on the target class for this JDK proxy -> is it
                            // also present on the proxy itself?
                            method = bean.getClass().getMethod(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
                        } catch (SecurityException ex) {
                            ReflectionUtils.handleReflectionException(ex);
                        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
                            throw new IllegalStateException(String.format(
                                    "@Scheduled method '%s' found on bean target class '%s', " +
                                    "but not found in any interface(s) for bean JDK proxy. Either " +
                                    "pull the method up to an interface or switch to subclass (CGLIB) " +
                                    "proxies by setting proxy-target-class/proxyTargetClass " +
                                    "attribute to 'true'", method.getName(), targetClass.getSimpleName()));
                        }
                    }
                    Runnable runnable = new ScheduledMethodRunnable(bean, method);
                    boolean processedSchedule = false;
                    String errorMessage = "Exactly one of 'cron', 'fixedDelay', or 'fixedRate' is required.";
                    String cron = oldScheduledAnnotation.cron();
                    if (!"".equals(cron)) {
                        processedSchedule = true;
                        if (embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                            cron = embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(cron);
                        }
                        cronTasks.put(runnable, cron);
                    }
                    long fixedDelay = oldScheduledAnnotation.fixedDelay();
                    if (fixedDelay >= 0) {
                        Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                        processedSchedule = true;
                        fixedDelayTasks.put(runnable, fixedDelay);
                    }
                    long fixedRate = oldScheduledAnnotation.fixedRate();
                    if (fixedRate >= 0) {
                        Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                        processedSchedule = true;
                        fixedRateTasks.put(runnable, fixedRate);
                    }
                    Assert.isTrue(processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                }

                CustomScheduled newScheduledAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation(method, CustomScheduled.class);
                if (newScheduledAnnotation != null) {
                    LOG.info("@CustomScheduled found at method {}", method.getName());
                    Assert.isTrue(void.class.equals(method.getReturnType()), "Only void-returning methods may be annotated with @CustomScheduled.");
                    Assert.isTrue(method.getParameterTypes().length == 0, "Only no-arg methods may be annotated with @CustomScheduled.");
                    if (AopUtils.isJdkDynamicProxy(bean)) {
                        try {
                            // found a @CustomScheduled method on the target class for this JDK proxy -> is it
                            // also present on the proxy itself?
                            method = bean.getClass().getMethod(method.getName(), method.getParameterTypes());
                        } catch (SecurityException ex) {
                            ReflectionUtils.handleReflectionException(ex);
                        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
                            throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("@CustomScheduled method '%s' found on bean target class '%s', "
                                    + "but not found in any interface(s) for bean JDK proxy. Either "
                                    + "pull the method up to an interface or switch to subclass (CGLIB) "
                                    + "proxies by setting proxy-target-class/proxyTargetClass " + "attribute to 'true'", method.getName(),
                                    targetClass.getSimpleName()));
                        }
                    }

                    Runnable runnable = new ScheduledMethodRunnable(bean, method);
                    boolean processedSchedule = false;
                    String errorMessage = "Exactly one of 'cron', 'fixedDelay', or 'fixedRate' is required.";

                    boolean numberFormatException = false;
                    String numberFormatErrorMessage = "Delay value is not a number!";

                    String cron = newScheduledAnnotation.cron();
                    if (!"".equals(cron)) {
                        processedSchedule = true;
                        if (embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                            cron = embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(cron);
                        }
                        cronTasks.put(runnable, cron);
                        LOG.info("Put cron in tasks map with value {}", cron);
                    }

                    // fixedDelay value resolving
                    Long fixedDelay = null;
                    String resolverDelayCandidate = newScheduledAnnotation.fixedDelay();
                    if (!"".equals(resolverDelayCandidate)) {
                        try {
                            if (embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                                resolverDelayCandidate = embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(resolverDelayCandidate);
                                fixedDelay = Long.valueOf(resolverDelayCandidate);
                            } else {
                                fixedDelay = Long.valueOf(newScheduledAnnotation.fixedDelay());
                            }
                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                            numberFormatException = true;
                        }
                    }

                    Assert.isTrue(!numberFormatException, numberFormatErrorMessage);

                    if (fixedDelay != null && fixedDelay >= 0) {
                        Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                        processedSchedule = true;
                        fixedDelayTasks.put(runnable, fixedDelay);
                        LOG.info("Put fixedDelay in tasks map with value {}", fixedDelay);
                    }

                    // fixedRate value resolving
                    Long fixedRate = null;
                    String resolverRateCandidate = newScheduledAnnotation.fixedRate();
                    if (!"".equals(resolverRateCandidate)) {
                        try {
                            if (embeddedValueResolver != null) {
                                fixedRate = Long.valueOf(embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(resolverRateCandidate));
                            } else {
                                fixedRate = Long.valueOf(newScheduledAnnotation.fixedRate());
                            }
                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                            numberFormatException = true;
                        }
                    }

                    Assert.isTrue(!numberFormatException, numberFormatErrorMessage);

                    if (fixedRate != null && fixedRate >= 0) {
                        Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                        processedSchedule = true;
                        fixedRateTasks.put(runnable, fixedRate);
                        LOG.info("Put fixedRate in tasks map with value {}", fixedRate);
                    }
                    Assert.isTrue(processedSchedule, errorMessage);
                }
            }
        });
        return bean;
    }
}

春天的背景。xml配置文件

<beans...>
    <!-- Enables the use of a @CustomScheduled annotation-->
    <bean class="org.package.CustomScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
</beans>