Python尝试执行插入查询时参数类型无效

Question

我试图执行这个查询，但我得到的错误，我用微软SQL Server作为数据库。你知道吗

import urllib.request as urllib
import socket
import pyodbc
from datetime import datetime
import ssl
import OpenSSL
import re


#Timestamp for undersøgelse
timestamp = datetime.now().strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')



#Responseheader request
request = urllib.Request('http://ucn.dk')
request.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.120 Safari/537.36')
response = urllib.urlopen(request)
rdata = response.info()
ipaddr = socket.gethostbyname(request.origin_req_host)


def get_certificate(host, port=443):
    context = ssl.create_default_context()
    conn = socket.create_connection((host, port))
    sock = context.wrap_socket(conn, server_hostname=host)
    der_cert = sock.getpeercert(True)
    sock.close()
    return ssl.DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(der_cert)


certificate = get_certificate(request.origin_req_host)
x509 = OpenSSL.crypto.load_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, certificate)
Pubkeyobj = x509.get_pubkey()
pubKeyString = OpenSSL.crypto.dump_publickey(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, Pubkeyobj)
pubkey = b'\n'.join(pubKeyString.splitlines()[1:-1])
keylength = Pubkeyobj.bits()
certvalidfrom = datetime.strptime(x509.get_notBefore().decode('ascii'), '%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ')
certvalidtill = datetime.strptime(x509.get_notAfter().decode('ascii'), '%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ')
extensions = (x509.get_extension(i) for i in range(x509.get_extension_count()))
extension_data = {e.get_short_name(): str(e) for e in extensions}


subj = x509.get_subject()
subjCN = x509.get_subject().CN
subjAlt = extension_data[b'subjectAltName']
serial = x509.get_serial_number()
issuerCN = x509.get_issuer().CN
sign = x509.get_signature_algorithm()





#SQL Connection til local database
con = pyodbc.connect('Driver={SQL Server Native Client 11.0};'
                      'Server=DESKTOP-THV2IDL;'
                      'Database=host;'
                      'Trusted_Connection=yes;')

cursor = con.cursor()


con.execute('INSERT INTO host.dbo.certificate (host, Subject, CommonName, AlternativeNames, PublicKey, KeyLength(BITS), SerialNumber, Validfrom, Validtill, Issuer(CN), CSA, Timestamp) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', 
           (request.full_url, subj, subjCN, subjAlt, pubkey, keylength, serial, certvalidfrom, certvalidtill, issuerCN, sign, timestamp))

con.commit()

我得到这个错误：

File "c:/Users/Farzad/Desktop/Python/Webscraping/Responseheaderinfo.py", line 76, in
(request.full_url, subj, subjCN, subjAlt, pubkey, keylength, serial, certvalidfrom, certvalidtill, issuerCN, sign, timestamp))
pyodbc.ProgrammingError: ('Invalid parameter type. param-index=1 param-type=X509Name', 'HY105')

Answer 1

doc表示X509Req的get_subject()方法返回一个X509Name对象。此对象不能用作查询的Subject字段；因为它们是Python对象，而您的MSSQL服务器无法理解这一点。你知道吗

可能您已经将此字段设计为VARCHAR或其他类型；因此您需要使用该X509Name对象的某个方法来获取要存储的实际值（可能是字符串？）在你的数据库里。Take a look at ^{}'s characteristics here。你知道吗

或者您可能希望使用Python的^{}方法和save it to your DB as binary将整个对象转换为字节数组。你知道吗