在python中无法同时使用多个特殊字符或模式提取字符串

Question

我有一个数据集，我试图从这里显示的较长的混乱版本中提取简单的城镇名称。它们中的大多数后跟括号“（.*）”，但有些不遵循此模式，以“：”结尾（参见第200行）。最后，有些没有圆括号，但用逗号“，”分隔部分（见第240行，246）。你知道吗

                                             'Region'
196    Boston (Boston University, Boston College, Bos...
197           Bridgewater (Bridgewater State College)[2]
198    Cambridge (Harvard University, Massachusetts I...
199                       Chestnut Hill (Boston College)
200                The Colleges of Worcester Consortium:
201                             Dudley (Nichols College)
240                     Faribault, South Central College
241    Mankato (Minnesota State University, Mankato),...
242    Marshall (Southwest Minnesota State University...
243    Moorhead (Minnesota State University, Moorhead...
244           Morris (University of Minnesota Morris)[2]
245    Northfield (Carleton College, St. Olaf College...
246                 North Mankato, South Central College
247    St. Cloud (St. Cloud State University, The Col...
248            St. Joseph (College of Saint Benedict)[2]
249             St. Peter (Gustavus Adolphus College)[2]

我最想看到的是：

                                   'RegionName'
    196                                 Boston
    197                            Bridgewater
    198                              Cambridge
    199                          Chestnut Hill
    200   The Colleges of Worcester Consortium
    201                                 Dudley
    240                              Faribault
    241                                Mankato
    242                               Marshall
    243                               Moorhead
    244                                 Morris
    245                             Northfield
    246                          North Mankato
    247                              St. Cloud
    248                             St. Joseph
    249                              St. Peter

我目前的代码是：

df['RegionName'] = df['Region'].str.extract('(.*)[:(,]', expand=False)

但这给了我一个奇怪的结果，就是括号不正确：

196    Boston (Boston University, Boston College, Bos...
197                                         Bridgewater 
198    Cambridge (Harvard University, Massachusetts I...
199                                       Chestnut Hill 
200                 The Colleges of Worcester Consortium
201                                              Dudley 
240                                         Faribault
241     Mankato (Minnesota State University, Mankato)
242                                         Marshall 
243    Moorhead (Minnesota State University, Moorhead
244                                           Morris 
245                      Northfield (Carleton College
246                                     North Mankato
247             St. Cloud (St. Cloud State University
248                                       St. Joseph 
249                                        St. Peter 

我也尝试过：

df['RegionName'] = df['Region'].str.extract('(.*)[ (.*|:|,]', expand=False)

我不确定如何同时使用这三种模式提取字符串。也会有两条线的解决方案。 谢谢（如果格式不好，我深表歉意！）你知道吗

Answer 1

使用此正则表达式：

([\w\s.]+)(?<!\s)

如果您不关心后面的空格，那么可以在结尾处删除(?<!\s)后面的负数。你知道吗

Answer 2

您可以只提取字符串开头的:、,或(以外的任何0个或多个字符

df['RegionName'] = df['Region'].str.extract(r'^([^:(,]*)\b', expand=False)

如果您使用的是python2.x，请在模式的开头使用(?u)，这样单词边界\b也可以匹配Unicode字符串中的正确位置。你知道吗

细节

• ^-字符串的开头
• ([^:(,]*)-第1组：零个或更多（*）连续出现的任何字符，而不是（构成否定的字符类）:、(和,。你知道吗
• \b-单词边界。你知道吗

请参见下面的regex demo和Python3演示：

>>> from pandas import DataFrame
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> item_list = ['Boston (Boston University, Boston College, Bos...','Bridgewater (Bridgewater State College)[2]','Cambridge (Harvard University, Massachusetts I...','Chestnut Hill (Boston College)','The Colleges of Worcester Consortium:','Dudley (Nichols College)','Faribault, South Central College','Mankato (Minnesota State University, Mankato),...','Marshall (Southwest Minnesota State University...','Moorhead (Minnesota State University, Moorhead...','Morris (University of Minnesota Morris)[2]','Northfield (Carleton College, St. Olaf College...','North Mankato, South Central College','St. Cloud (St. Cloud State University, The Col...','St. Joseph (College of Saint Benedict)[2]','St. Peter (Gustavus Adolphus College)[2]']
>>> df = pd.DataFrame(item_list, columns=['Region'])
>>> df['RegionName'] = df['Region'].str.extract(r'^([^:(,]*)\b', expand=False)
>>> df['RegionName']

                              RegionName  
0                                 Boston  
1                            Bridgewater  
2                              Cambridge  
3                          Chestnut Hill  
4   The Colleges of Worcester Consortium  
5                                 Dudley  
6                              Faribault  
7                                Mankato  
8                               Marshall  
9                               Moorhead  
10                                Morris  
11                            Northfield  
12                         North Mankato  
13                             St. Cloud  
14                            St. Joseph  
15                             St. Peter  
>>> 

Answer 3

由于只有三个可能的分隔符，因此可以利用chained split（），因为如果找不到分隔符，split将返回未修改的字符串。你知道吗

>>> s = """196    Boston (Boston University, Boston College, Bos...
... 197           Bridgewater (Bridgewater State College)[2]
... 198    Cambridge (Harvard University, Massachusetts I...
... 199                       Chestnut Hill (Boston College)
... 200                The Colleges of Worcester Consortium:
... 201                             Dudley (Nichols College)
... 240                     Faribault, South Central College
... 241    Mankato (Minnesota State University, Mankato),...
... 242    Marshall (Southwest Minnesota State University...
... 243    Moorhead (Minnesota State University, Moorhead...
... 244           Morris (University of Minnesota Morris)[2]
... 245    Northfield (Carleton College, St. Olaf College...
... 246                 North Mankato, South Central College
... 247    St. Cloud (St. Cloud State University, The Col...
... 248            St. Joseph (College of Saint Benedict)[2]
... 249             St. Peter (Gustavus Adolphus College)[2]"""
>>> for i in s.split('\n'):
...    number, text = i.split('(')[0].split(',')[0].split(':')[0].split(' ',1)
...    print('{} {}'.format(number, text.strip()))
...
196 Boston
197 Bridgewater
198 Cambridge
199 Chestnut Hill
200 The Colleges of Worcester Consortium
201 Dudley
240 Faribault
241 Mankato
242 Marshall
243 Moorhead
244 Morris
245 Northfield
246 North Mankato
247 St. Cloud
248 St. Joseph
249 St. Peter

可以使用^{}对字符串进行相同的转换。你知道吗