从Python调用AWS重新登录HTTP API的示例

Question

我想尝试Rekognition's CompareFaces，但是我没有看到使用HTTP API的完整语法示例。假设我有两个图像，我如何从Python调用这个API来检索相似度得分？

Answer 1

有关代码的信息

关于使用HTTP API进行AWS重新命名的文献很少，但是使用大多数代码用来访问AWS服务HTTP端点的模型非常简单。

关于以下代码的重要信息：

• 必须安装requests。如果没有，可以在shell中运行以下命令（建议在virtualenv中执行）。

  pip install requests
  

• 使用us-east-1区域。重新命名当前在us-east-1、eu-west-1和us-west-2中受支持，因此可以根据需要修改代码以支持different region endpoints。

• 它希望磁盘上存在两个文件，分别名为source.jpg和target.jpg。

  在我最近看过的电影里，我把《星球大战：无赖一号》里的费利西蒂·琼斯的照片作为我的来源和目标。

  source.jpg是：

  target.jpg是：

• 它包括用AWS Signature Version 4进行签名的代码。有一些库可以为您生成签名，但是我不想太依赖第三方libs来演示一个完整的示例。

• 您正在使用的AWS凭据应具有有效的policy for Rekognition。

• 它是为Python2.7编写的（迁移到Python3应该不太困难）。

---

守则

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import base64
import datetime
import hashlib
import hmac
import json

import requests

# Key derivation functions
# http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-v4-examples.html#signature-v4-examples-python
def sign(key, msg):
    return hmac.new(key, msg.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256).digest()


def getSignatureKey(key, date_stamp, regionName, serviceName):
    kDate = sign(('AWS4' + key).encode('utf-8'), date_stamp)
    kRegion = sign(kDate, regionName)
    kService = sign(kRegion, serviceName)
    kSigning = sign(kService, 'aws4_request')
    return kSigning


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # Read credentials from the environment
    access_key = os.environ.get('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
    secret_key = os.environ.get('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')

    # Uncomment this line if you use temporary credentials via STS or similar
    #token = os.environ.get('AWS_SESSION_TOKEN')

    if access_key is None or secret_key is None:
        print('No access key is available.')
        sys.exit()

    # This code shows the v4 request signing process as shown in
    # http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-signed-request-examples.html

    host = 'rekognition.us-east-1.amazonaws.com'
    endpoint = 'https://rekognition.us-east-1.amazonaws.com'
    service = 'rekognition'

    # Currently, all Rekognition actions require POST requests
    method = 'POST'

    region = 'us-east-1'

    # This defines the service target and sub-service you want to hit
    # In this case you want to use 'CompareFaces'
    amz_target = 'RekognitionService.CompareFaces'



    # Amazon content type - Rekognition expects 1.1 x-amz-json
    content_type = 'application/x-amz-json-1.1'

    # Create a date for headers and the credential string
    now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
    amz_date = now.strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
    date_stamp = now.strftime('%Y%m%d') # Date w/o time, used in credential scope

    # Canonical request information
    canonical_uri = '/'
    canonical_querystring = ''
    canonical_headers = 'content-type:' + content_type + '\n' + 'host:' + host + '\n' + 'x-amz-date:' + amz_date + '\n' + 'x-amz-target:' + amz_target + '\n'

    # list of signed headers
    signed_headers = 'content-type;host;x-amz-date;x-amz-target'

    # Our source image: http://i.imgur.com/OK8aDRq.jpg
    with open('source.jpg', 'rb') as source_image:
        source_bytes = base64.b64encode(source_image.read())

    # Our target image: http://i.imgur.com/Xchqm1r.jpg
    with open('target.jpg', 'rb') as target_image:
        target_bytes = base64.b64encode(target_image.read())

    # here we build the dictionary for our request data
    # that we will convert to JSON
    request_dict = {
            'SimilarityThreshold': 75.0,
            'SourceImage': {
                'Bytes': source_bytes
            },
            'TargetImage': {
                'Bytes': target_bytes
            }
    }

    # Convert our dict to a JSON string as it will be used as our payload
    request_parameters = json.dumps(request_dict)

    # Generate a hash of our payload for verification by Rekognition
    payload_hash = hashlib.sha256(request_parameters).hexdigest()

    # All of this is 
    canonical_request = method + '\n' + canonical_uri + '\n' + canonical_querystring + '\n' + canonical_headers + '\n' + signed_headers + '\n' + payload_hash

    algorithm = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256'
    credential_scope = date_stamp + '/' + region + '/' + service + '/' + 'aws4_request'
    string_to_sign = algorithm + '\n' +  amz_date + '\n' +  credential_scope + '\n' +  hashlib.sha256(canonical_request).hexdigest()

    signing_key = getSignatureKey(secret_key, date_stamp, region, service)
    signature = hmac.new(signing_key, (string_to_sign).encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()

    authorization_header = algorithm + ' ' + 'Credential=' + access_key + '/' + credential_scope + ', ' +  'SignedHeaders=' + signed_headers + ', ' + 'Signature=' + signature

    headers = { 'Content-Type': content_type,
            'X-Amz-Date': amz_date,
            'X-Amz-Target': amz_target,

            # uncomment this if you uncommented the 'token' line earlier
            #'X-Amz-Security-Token': token,
            'Authorization': authorization_header}

    r = requests.post(endpoint, data=request_parameters, headers=headers)

    # Let's format the JSON string returned from the API for better output
    formatted_text = json.dumps(json.loads(r.text), indent=4, sort_keys=True)

    print('Response code: {}\n'.format(r.status_code))
    print('Response body:\n{}'.format(formatted_text))

---

代码输出

如果运行代码，它应该输出如下内容：

Response code: 200

Response body: 
{

    "FaceMatches": [],
    "SourceImageFace": {
        "BoundingBox": {
            "Height": 0.9448398351669312,
            "Left": 0.12222222238779068,
            "Top": -0.017793593928217888,
            "Width": 0.5899999737739563
        },
        "Confidence": 99.99041748046875
    }
}

---

真的，用boto3就行了

最简单的方法就是使用boto3。

由于所有的签名生成和JSON工作都变得不必要，代码将简化为如下内容。

确保您已经在环境中或通过配置文件配置了带凭据的boto3，或者将凭据与代码内联。有关详细信息，请参见^{} configuration。

代码使用^{} Rekognition API。

import pprint

import boto3

# Set this to whatever percentage of 'similarity'
# you'd want
SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD = 75.0

if __name__ == '__main__':
    client = boto3.client('rekognition')

    # Our source image: http://i.imgur.com/OK8aDRq.jpg
    with open('source.jpg', 'rb') as source_image:
        source_bytes = source_image.read()

    # Our target image: http://i.imgur.com/Xchqm1r.jpg
    with open('target.jpg', 'rb') as target_image:
        target_bytes = target_image.read()

    response = client.compare_faces(
                   SourceImage={ 'Bytes': source_bytes },
                   TargetImage={ 'Bytes': target_bytes },
                   SimilarityThreshold=SIMILARITY_THRESHOLD
    )

    pprint.pprint(response)

上面的boto3示例应该输出：

{u'FaceMatches': [],
 'ResponseMetadata': {'HTTPHeaders': {'connection': 'keep-alive',
                                      'content-length': '195',
                                      'content-type': 'application/x-amz-json-1.1',
                                      'date': 'Sat, 31 Dec 2016 23:15:56 GMT',
                                      'x-amzn-requestid': '13edda2d-cfaf-11e6-9999-d3abf4c2feb3'},
                      'HTTPStatusCode': 200,
                      'RequestId': '13edda2d-cfaf-11e6-9999-d3abf4c2feb3',
                      'RetryAttempts': 0},
 u'SourceImageFace': {u'BoundingBox': {u'Height': 0.9448398351669312,
                                       u'Left': 0.12222222238779068,
                                       u'Top': -0.017793593928217888,
                                       u'Width': 0.5899999737739563},
                      u'Confidence': 99.99041748046875}}