如何在Tkin的frame类中提升frame类

Question

在第一帧从根类提升之后，我一直试图从第一帧类提升第二帧，但每次都会出现错误 类型对象“root”没有属性“tk”。 但是我可以从根类提升我的第二个框架，但这不是我想要的。我想提高从上一帧的每一个连续帧，因为我想在整个程序中提高4帧多次条件。如果我的想法是错误的，那么请提供一个解决办法，下面是我的代码。你知道吗

import mysql.connector as sql
from os import getenv
from datetime import date
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as ttkt
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox as mg

class root(ttkt.ThemedTk):
    def __init__(self, *args):
        ttkt.ThemedTk.__init__(self, *args)
        self.geometry('800x450')
        self.resizable(0, 0)
        self.set_theme('arc') #equilux
        self.config(background = '#EFEFEF')
        self.navbar()
        self.show_frame(home_first) 
#### I'm able to call Class_second frame from changing the value here

    def show_frame(self, cont):
        frame = cont(self)
        frame.pack(side = 'right', expand = True, fill= 'both', ipadx = 210)
        frame.tkraise()

    def show_Class_frame(self):
        self.show_frame(self, Class_second)

    def about(self):
    ....

    def session(self): 
    ....

    #NAVBAR______________________________
    def navbar(self):
        fl = tk.Frame(self, background = '#0077CC')
        fl.pack(side = 'left', expand = 1, fill= 'both')
        #NAVBAR's internal items______________________________
        ....

class home_first(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        ....
        btnt = ttk.Button(btnfrm, text = 'Teachers', style = 'fntb.TButton', command = self.tch_sel)
        # I want to use these to get to second frame
        btnt.pack(pady = (0,8))
        btns = ttk.Button(btnfrm, text = 'Students', style = 'fntb.TButton', command = self.std_sel)
        btns.pack()

    def tch_sel(self):
        sel = 0 #for teachers direct to page 3 not Class_second Frame
        root.show_Class_frame(root)

    def std_sel(self):
        sel = 1 #for students move to Class_second frame
        root.show_Class_frame(root)

class Class_second(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)

class vote_third(tk.Frame):
    pass #from here i need to bring 4th frame

class done_fourth(tk.Frame):
    pass #here there will be like 3 button each going either to Home, Class or Vote frames
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = root()
    app.mainloop()

回溯

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Sagar\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1705, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "d:\Code\Python\py_project_votm\vm_vot_main_oop.py", line 76, in tch_sel
    root.show_Class_frame(root)
  File "d:\Code\Python\py_project_votm\vm_vot_main_oop.py", line 31, in show_Class_frame
    self.show_frame(self, Class_second)
  File "d:\Code\Python\py_project_votm\vm_vot_main_oop.py", line 26, in show_frame
    frame = cont(self)
  File "d:\Code\Python\py_project_votm\vm_vot_main_oop.py", line 84, in __init__
    tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
  File "C:\Users\Sagar\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2744, in __init__
    Widget.__init__(self, master, 'frame', cnf, {}, extra)
  File "C:\Users\Sagar\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2292, in __init__
    BaseWidget._setup(self, master, cnf)
  File "C:\Users\Sagar\Anaconda3\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 2262, in _setup
    self.tk = master.tk
AttributeError: type object 'root' has no attribute 'tk'

另外，有人能告诉我还有什么方法可以更好地做这个项目。 对不起，英语不好。你知道吗

Answer 1

部分问题是您没有使用PEP8命名约定，这使得您的代码很难阅读和理解。当我们阅读代码时，我们会根据命名约定做出假设，如果不使用命名约定，我们最终会做出错误的假设。你知道吗

具体来说，所有类都需要以大写字母（Root、Vote_third、Done_fourth）开头。当我们阅读您的代码并看到类似于root.some_method()的内容时，我们假设您正在实例上调用some_method()。然而，在你的例子中，你是在类本身上调用它。你知道吗

问题是这条线：

root.show_Class_frame(root)

root是类，而不是类的实例。这个参数最终成为另一个小部件的主控，但不能将类用作主控。必须使用小部件类的实例作为主控。你知道吗

您已经在创建名为app的root实例。您需要调用app.show_Class_frame，而不是调用root.show_Class_frame()。你知道吗

def tch_sel(self):
    sel = 0 #for teachers direct to page 3 not Class_second Frame
    app.show_Class_frame()

def std_sel(self):
    sel = 1 #for students move to Class_second frame
    app.show_Class_frame()

此外，如注释中所述，self.show_frame(self, Class_second)需要更改为self.show_frame(Class_second)。你知道吗