Python类和列表

Question

我的问题是：我有一个100行的文字，每行包含姓，名和一个房间的形式“姓，名房间”的房间包含3个元素“楼，楼，办公室”像“a.15.10”，所以一个完整的行将是

   "name, name A.15.10"

我想把教室的属性建筑，地板，办公室和储藏室像“a.15.10”。属性为familyname、givenname、room的类。我想将此文件中的所有信息加载到familyname、givenname、room的数组中并打印出来。我到现在都没上课。你知道吗

   file=open('file.txt','r')
   data=file.readlines()
   k=len(data)
   c=list(range(k))
   for i in range(k):
       c=data.split()
   for i in range(k):
       d=c[i][2].split('.')

现在元素c[i][0]是姓c[i][1]是名，c[i][3]是房间。在我再次拆分元素c[i][3]之后，使建筑成为地板和房间。我怎么能把这些都分门别类。对不起，如果我没有解释好这个问题。你知道吗

Answer 1

这是对使用类的代码的重构。如果没有更多关于预期输出的细节，很难判断这是否完全满足您的需求。你知道吗

class Room:
    def __init__(self, building, floor, office):
        self.building = building
        self.floor = floor
        self.office = office 

class Entry:
    def __init__(self, lastname, firstname, room):
        self.lastname = lastname
        self.firstname = firstname
        self.room = room 

entries = []
file=open('file.txt','r')
for line in file.readlines():
    lastname, remaining = line.split(', ')
    firstname, remaining = remaining.split(' ')
    building, floor, office = remaining.split('.')
    room = Room(building, floor, office)
    entry = Entry(lastname, firstname, room)
    entries.append(entry)
file.close()

Answer 2

你可以用re来解析文件。你知道吗

 finder = re.compile( r"""
                    (?P<last>\w+),\s+        # Last name 
                    (?P<first>\w+)\s+        # First Name 
                    (?P<building>[A-D]).     # Building Letter
                    (?P<floor>\d+).          # Floor number 
                    (?P<room>\d+)            # Room Number
                    """, re.VERBOSE )

for line in open( "room_names.txt", 'r' ):
    matches = finder.match( line )
    print( matches.group( 'last', 'first' ) )
    print( matches.group( 'building' ,'floor','room') )

只是我的re技能有点太慢了@Trevor；）

Answer 3

与使用类不同，namedtuples可能是一种更简单的替代方法。也可以使用正则表达式一步解析文件：

import re
from collections import namedtuple
from itertools   import starmap

Entry    = namedtuple('Entry', ['familyname', 'givenname', 'building', 'floor', 'office'])
entry_re = re.compile(r'([^,]*), (.*) ([^\.]*)\.([^\.]*)\.([^\.]*)\n')

with open('file.txt','r') as f:
    entries = starmap(Entry, entry_re.findall(f.read()))

for entry in entries:
    print('familyname:', entry.familyname)
    print('givenname:', entry.givenname)
    print('building:', entry.building)
    print('floor:', entry.floor)
    print('office:', entry.office)

# Output:
# familyname: name
# givenname: name
# building: A
# floor: 15
# office: 10