为什么这些tkinter样式不起作用？

Question

*为了消除任何混淆，我使用了macOS Catalina、Python3.7.4和Tcl/Tk 8.6.9*

我有一个项目，使用'黑色'作为主题，从主题tk在ttk主题。我正在尝试修改按钮的样式。你知道吗

但是，除了set\u theme\u advanced（）方法之外，我还没有弄清楚如何修改主题，该方法只更改我正在阅读的here的颜色。我想将按钮文本更改为在主题内居中。但是，在解决这个问题的过程中，我发现我无法在下面的示例代码中修改任何窗口中按钮文本的位置（对齐）。你知道吗

如果您查看这个示例代码，您将看到在第一个窗口中，文本在按钮上左对齐，但颜色正确，但是在第二个窗口（使用Tk），文本在所有按钮上居中对齐，而不是颜色正确。两个窗口都没有响应对齐样式，Tk窗口似乎没有响应任何自定义样式。你知道吗

# test-ttk-button-style.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window1 = tkt.ThemedTk()
window1.get_themes()
window1.set_theme("black")
window1.title("First Window")
window1.geometry("+20+70")

window2 = tk.Tk()
window2.title("Second Window")
window2.geometry("+400+70")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")

w1content = ttk.Frame(window1, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w1content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w1btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="First Button in Window 1", style="left.TButton")
w1btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Second Button in Window 1", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w1btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Third Button in Window 1", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w1btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Fourth Button in Window 1", width=25)
w1btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

w2content = ttk.Frame(window2, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w2content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w2btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="First Button in Window 2", style="left.TButton")
w2btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Second Button in Window 2", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w2btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Third Button in Window 2", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w2btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Fourth Button in Window 2", width=25)
w2btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window1.mainloop()

提前谢谢你的帮助。你知道吗

这是我在电脑上看到的照片。

编辑 在阅读了下面的答案后，我将代码分解为两个文件，这样就不会有两个主窗口。这确实改变了Window2的行为方式，但是样式仍然没有被应用。然后我只使用Tk和ttk创建了第三个窗口，但仍然没有应用该样式。你知道吗

窗口1（带主题和“黑色”主题样式集）

# test-ttk-button-style1.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window1 = tkt.ThemedTk()
window1.get_themes()
window1.set_theme("black")
window1.title("First Window")
window1.geometry("+0+0")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w1content = ttk.Frame(window1, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w1content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w1btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="First Button in Window 1", style="left.TButton")
w1btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Second Button in Window 1", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w1btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Third Button in Window 1", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w1btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w1btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w1content, text="Fourth Button in Window 1", width=25)
w1btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window1.mainloop()

这是我电脑上的结果：

窗口2（主题不带主题样式集）

# test-ttk-button-style2.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW
from ttkthemes import themed_tk as tkt

window2 = tk.Tk()
window2.title("Second Window")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w2content = ttk.Frame(window2, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w2content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w2btn1 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="First Button in Window 2", style="left.TButton")
w2btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn2 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Second Button in Window 2", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w2btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn3 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Third Button in Window 2", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w2btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w2btn4 = tkt.ttk.Button(w2content, text="Fourth Button in Window 2", width=25)
w2btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window2.mainloop()

我电脑上的结果： 窗口3（无任何标题）

#test-ttk-button-style3.py

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, NSEW

window3 = tk.Tk()
window3.title("Third Window")

ttkStyle = ttk.Style()
ttkStyle.configure("left.TButton", justify="left", background="green", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 12 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("right.TButton", justify="right", background="blue", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 20 bold")
ttkStyle.configure("center.TButton", justify="center", background="red", foreground="white", font="Helvetica 32 bold")

w3content = ttk.Frame(window3, padding=(12,12,12,12))
w3content.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW)
w3btn1 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="First Button in Window 3", style="left.TButton")
w3btn1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn2 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Second Button in Window 3", width=25, style="right.TButton")
w3btn2.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn3 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Third Button in Window 3", width=25, style="center.TButton")
w3btn3.grid(row=2, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)
w3btn4 = ttk.Button(w3content, text="Fourth Button in Window 3", width=25)
w3btn4.grid(row=3, column=0, padx=30, pady=30)

window3.mainloop()

我的计算机上的结果：

Answer 1

您已经创建了两个根窗口（tkinter.Tk的实例），将第二个窗口设置为Toplevel小部件：

window2 = tk.Toplevel()

Answer 2

第二个窗口使用系统小部件，由于苹果的人机界面准则（按钮上的文本不能左对齐或右对齐），因此有限制的选项。你知道吗

关于ttk样式的小部件，这是tkinter的一个子功能，justify指定多行标签的行为，anchor可能是您想要将一行标签移到一侧的内容。你知道吗

anchor= Controls where in the button the text (or image) should be located. Use one of N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, or CENTER. Default is CENTER. (anchor/Anchor)

justify= Defines how to align multiple lines of text. Use LEFT, RIGHT, or CENTER. Default is CENTER. (justify/Justify)

资料来源：https://effbot.org/tkinterbook/button.htm