Python：带均值和标准差的随机数生成器

Question

我需要知道如何生成500到600之间的1000个随机数，在python中平均值为550，标准差为30。

import pylab
import random

xrandn = pylab.zeros(1000,float)

for j in range(500,601):
xrandn[j] = pylab.randn()

???????

Answer 1

你的问题也有其他选择。Wikipedia有一个continuous distributions with bounded intervals的列表，这取决于分布，您可以使用正确的参数获得所需的特性。例如，如果您想要类似“有界高斯铃”（不截断）的内容，可以选择（缩放的）beta distribution：

import numpy as np
import scipy.stats
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def my_distribution(min_val, max_val, mean, std):
    scale = max_val - min_val
    location = min_val
    # Mean and standard deviation of the unscaled beta distribution
    unscaled_mean = (mean - min_val) / scale
    unscaled_var = (std / scale) ** 2
    # Computation of alpha and beta can be derived from mean and variance formulas
    t = unscaled_mean / (1 - unscaled_mean)
    beta = ((t / unscaled_var) - (t * t) - (2 * t) - 1) / ((t * t * t) + (3 * t * t) + (3 * t) + 1)
    alpha = beta * t
    # Not all parameters may produce a valid distribution
    if alpha <= 0 or beta <= 0:
        raise ValueError('Cannot create distribution for the given parameters.')
    # Make scaled beta distribution with computed parameters
    return scipy.stats.beta(alpha, beta, scale=scale, loc=location)

np.random.seed(100)

min_val = 1.5
max_val = 35
mean = 9.87
std = 3.1
my_dist = my_distribution(min_val, max_val, mean, std)
# Plot distribution PDF
x = np.linspace(min_val, max_val, 100)
plt.plot(x, my_dist.pdf(x))
# Stats
print('mean:', my_dist.mean(), 'std:', my_dist.std())
# Get a large sample to check bounds
sample = my_dist.rvs(size=100000)
print('min:', sample.min(), 'max:', sample.max())

输出：

mean: 9.87 std: 3.100000000000001
min: 1.9290674232087306 max: 25.03903889816994

概率密度函数图：

注意，在这种情况下，并不是所有可能的界限、平均值和标准差的组合都会产生一个有效的分布，并且取决于alpha和beta的结果值，概率密度函数可能看起来像一个“倒钟”（即使平均值和标准差仍然是正确的）。

Answer 2

你在找stats.truncnorm：

import scipy.stats as stats

a, b = 500, 600
mu, sigma = 550, 30
dist = stats.truncnorm((a - mu) / sigma, (b - mu) / sigma, loc=mu, scale=sigma)

values = dist.rvs(1000)