Python 读取文本文件至字典

Question

我有一个庞大的术语列表，我想从一个文本文件中提取出来，并将它们分为以下组之一：动物、艺术、建筑、车辆、人、人、食物、玻璃、瓶子、标牌、标语、DJ、派对。我目前在tester2文件中有四个词：

板 披萨 费恩斯 搅拌机

我的代码是：

keyword_dictionary = {
    'Animal' : ['animal', 'dog', 'cat'],
    'Art' : ['art', 'sculpture', 'fearns'],
    'Buildings' : ['building', 'architecture', 'gothic', 'skyscraper'],
    'Vehicle' : ['car','formula','f-1','f1','f 1','f one','f-one','moped','mo ped','mo-ped','scooter'],
    'Person' : ['person','dress','shirt','woman','man','attractive','adult','smiling','sleeveless','halter','spectacles','button','bodycon'],
    'People' : ['people','women','men','attractive','adults','smiling','group','two','three','four','five','six','seven','eight','nine','ten','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10'],
    'Food' : ['food','plate','chicken','steak','pizza','pasta','meal','asian','beef','cake','candy','food pyramid','spaghetti','curry','lamb','sushi','meatballs','biscuit','apples','meat','mushroom','jelly', 'sorbet','nacho','burrito','taco','cheese'],
    'Glass' : ['glass','drink','container','glasses','cup'],
    'Bottle' : ['bottle','drink'],
    'Signage' : ['sign','martini','ad','advert','card','bottles','logo','mat','chalkboard','blackboard'],
    'Slogan' : ['Luck is overrated'],
    'DJ' : ['dj','disc','jockey','mixer','instrument','turntable'],
    'Party' : ['party']
 }

y = 0
while (y < 1):
    try:
        def search(keywords, searchFor):
            for item in keywords:
                for terms in keywords[item]:
                    if searchFor in terms:
                        print item



        with open("C:/Users/USERNAME/Desktop/tester2.txt") as termsdesk:
                for line in termsdesk:
                    this = search (keyword_dictionary, line)
                    this2 = str(this)
                    #print this2
                    #print item
    except KeyError:
        break
    y = y+1

我的结果应该是这样的：

^{pr2}$

但我得到的却是：

DJ

我想是因为我的循环出了问题。有人知道我需要改变什么吗？我试过移动“while（y<；1）”按钮，但没能得到我想要的结果。在

Answer 1

以下方法更有意义：

keyword_dictionary = {
    'Animal' : ['animal', 'dog', 'cat'],
    'Art' : ['art', 'sculpture', 'fearns'],
    'Buildings' : ['building', 'architecture', 'gothic', 'skyscraper'],
    'Vehicle' : ['car','formula','f-1','f1','f 1','f one','f-one','moped','mo ped','mo-ped','scooter'],
    'Person' : ['person','dress','shirt','woman','man','attractive','adult','smiling','sleeveless','halter','spectacles','button','bodycon'],
    'People' : ['people','women','men','attractive','adults','smiling','group','two','three','four','five','six','seven','eight','nine','ten','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10'],
    'Food' : ['food','plate','chicken','steak','pizza','pasta','meal','asian','beef','cake','candy','food pyramid','spaghetti','curry','lamb','sushi','meatballs','biscuit','apples','meat','mushroom','jelly', 'sorbet','nacho','burrito','taco','cheese'],
    'Glass' : ['glass','drink','container','glasses','cup'],
    'Bottle' : ['bottle','drink'],
    'Signage' : ['sign','martini','ad','advert','card','bottles','logo','mat','chalkboard','blackboard'],
    'Slogan' : ['Luck is overrated'],
    'DJ' : ['dj','disc','jockey','mixer','instrument','turntable'],
    'Party' : ['party']
}

terms = {v2 : k for k, v in keyword_dictionary.items() for v2 in v}

with open('input.txt', 'r') as f_input:
    for word in f_input:
        print terms[word.strip()]

这首先使用现有的词典，并将其反过来，以便更容易地查找每个单词。在

这将为您提供以下输出：

^{pr2}$

Answer 2

从搜索词中删除前导/尾随空格。以下工作如预期：

def search(keywords, searchFor):
    for key, words in keywords.iteritems():
        if searchFor in words:
           print key

with open("tester2.txt") as termsdesk:
    for line in termsdesk:
        this = search(keyword_dictionary, line.strip())
        this2 = str(this)



$ cat tester2.txt 
plate
pizza
fearns
mixer

$ python test4.py 
Food
Food
Art
DJ

如果你能从字典里找到一个更大的词类，你也可以考虑到它的搜索性能。例如变换：

^{pr2}$

进入

category_dict = {
 'mixer': 'DJ',
 'speakers':'DJ'
}

这种反向映射可以在开始时构建一次，然后在每个查询中重用，这样就可以将搜索函数转换为category_dict[term]。这样的话，查找将更快、更复杂、更易于编写。在