(python)以colormap作为4维绘制三维曲面,x,y,z的函数

2024-05-16 22:43:56 发布

您现在位置:Python中文网/ 问答频道 /正文

我正在尝试绘制一个三维曲面,其中三维中的每一个都在一个单独的值数组中,并且每个坐标处的曲面颜色是x,y,z的函数。这是一种numpy.pcolormesh,但在4D中,而不是3d。 三维绘图由以下给出:

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
x = np.logspace(-1.,np.log10(5),50)
y = np.linspace(6,9,50)
z = np.linspace(-1,1,50)
colors = LikeBeta(y,range(50),range(50))
ax.plot_trisurf(x,y,z,cmap=colors,linewidth=0.2)

其中

def LikeBeta(rho0,r0,beta):
    M0 = 10**rho0*r0_array[r0]**3
    I = cst*M0*sigma_los_beta[beta,:,r0]
    S = dv**2+I
    res = (np.log(S) + (v-u)**2/S).sum()
    return res/2.

或许cmap=colors是错误的,但问题在别处。我得到以下错误:

----> 8 colors = LikeBeta(y,range(50),range(50))
----> 4     I = cst*M0*sigma_los_beta[beta,:,r0]
    ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (50,) (50,353)

实际上,sigma_los_beta是一个数组,我单独计算它的值,它有形状(50,353,50),而那些353是我必须拥有的数据。

如何将此函数转换为与plot_trisurf的其他项兼容的形式?

抱歉,我无法提供最小的工作代码,因为dv、v和u是数据。 非常感谢你的帮助。干杯


Tags: 函数fromimportnpfigrange数组sigma
3条回答

This答案解决4d曲面绘图问题。它使用matplotlib的plot_surface函数,而不是plot_trisurf

基本上,您需要将x、y和z变量重塑为具有相同维度的二维数组。若要将第四个维度添加为颜色映射,必须提供与轴变量具有相同维度的另一个二维数组。

下面是与x值相对应的颜色映射的3d绘图的示例代码。参数facecolors用于根据您的喜好更改颜色映射。注意,它的值是从matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable类中的to_rgba()函数获取的。

import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np

# domains
x = np.logspace(-1.,np.log10(5),50) # [0.1, 5]
y = np.linspace(6,9,50)             # [6, 9]
z = np.linspace(-1,1,50)            # [-1, 1]

# convert to 2d matrices
Z = np.outer(z.T, z)        # 50x50
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)    # 50x50

# fourth dimention - colormap
# create colormap according to x-value (can use any 50x50 array)
color_dimension = X # change to desired fourth dimension
minn, maxx = color_dimension.min(), color_dimension.max()
norm = matplotlib.colors.Normalize(minn, maxx)
m = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap='jet')
m.set_array([])
fcolors = m.to_rgba(color_dimension)

# plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
ax.plot_surface(X,Y,Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, facecolors=fcolors, vmin=minn, vmax=maxx, shade=False)
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')
fig.canvas.show()

我引用的答案(和其他)提到,您应该规范化您的第四维度数据。这似乎可以通过显式设置colormap的限制来避免,就像我在代码示例中所做的那样。

此代码基于trisurf演示 http://matplotlib.org/examples/mplot3d/trisurf3d_demo.html

我添加了一个基于SOCreate own colormap using matplotlib and plot color scale

还添加了一个序列w=tan(-x*y),该序列基于该函数在灰度范围内生成彩色地图。
你可以玩cdict的建设,增加更多的颜色,但我认为灰度是一个很好的概念证明。。。

很抱歉,由于缺少最少的工作代码,我无法直接使用您的示例。

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.colors as mcolors

###################

def make_colormap(seq):
    """Return a LinearSegmentedColormap
    seq: a sequence of floats and RGB-tuples. The floats should be increasing
    and in the interval (0,1).
    """
    #%
    cdict = {'red': [], 'green': [], 'blue': []}

    # make a lin_space with the number of records from seq.     
    x = np.linspace(0,1, len(seq))
    #%
    for i in range(len(seq)):
        segment = x[i]
        tone = seq[i]
        cdict['red'].append([segment, tone, tone])
        cdict['green'].append([segment, tone, tone])
        cdict['blue'].append([segment, tone, tone])
    #%
    return mcolors.LinearSegmentedColormap('CustomMap', cdict)


#############################



n_angles = 36
n_radii = 8

# An array of radii
# Does not include radius r=0, this is to eliminate duplicate points
radii = np.linspace(0.125, 1.0, n_radii)

# An array of angles
angles = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, n_angles, endpoint=False)

# Repeat all angles for each radius
angles = np.repeat(angles[...,np.newaxis], n_radii, axis=1)

# Convert polar (radii, angles) coords to cartesian (x, y) coords
# (0, 0) is added here. There are no duplicate points in the (x, y) plane
x = np.append(0, (radii*np.cos(angles)).flatten())
y = np.append(0, (radii*np.sin(angles)).flatten())

# Pringle surface
z = np.sin(-x*y)



w = np.tan(-x*y)
colors = make_colormap(w)



fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z, cmap=colors, linewidth=0.2)

plt.show()

非常感谢@Frik的伟大贡献,它帮助我实现了OP要求的类似的情节

然而,我发现对代码进行一些简化是可能的,而且可能会引起兴趣。代码片段和下图。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# This import registers the 3D projection, but is otherwise unused.
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D  # noqa: F401 unused import
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import get_test_data
import numpy as np
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'})
X, Y, Z = get_test_data(0.05)
C = np.linspace(-5, 5, Z.size).reshape(Z.shape)
scamap = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap='inferno')
fcolors = scamap.to_rgba(C)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, facecolors=fcolors, cmap='inferno')
fig.colorbar(scamap)
plt.show()

enter image description here

最后,我还想评论@Frik写的:

The answer I referenced (and others) mentions that you should normalize your fourth dimension data. It seems that this may be avoided by explicitly setting the limits of the colormap as I did in the code sample.

我发现这句话不正确。事实上,如果你看一下^{},你会发现有一个norm关键字默认设置为True。这正是标准化发生的地方。还包括以下声明:

If norm is False, no normalization of the input data is performed, and it is assumed to be in the range (0-1).

您确实希望您的数据位于(0-1)中。

相关问题 更多 >