零除法错误:浮点除法

2024-05-28 22:47:29 发布

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我有这个程序来解牛顿法。但它给出了一个零除法误差。我搞不清出了什么事。谢谢您。

import copy

tlist = [0.0, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2, 0.31, 0.34] # list of start time for the phonemes

w = w1 = w2 = w3 = w = 5

def time() :
    frame = 0.04
    for i, start_time in enumerate(tlist) :
        end_time = tlist[i]
        frame = frame * (i + 1)
        poly = poly_coeff(start_time, end_time, frame)
        Newton(poly) 

def poly_coeff(stime, etime, f) :
    """The equation is k6 * u^3 + k5 * u^2 + k4 * u + k0 = 0. Computing the coefficients for this polynomial."""
    """Substituting the required values we get the coefficients."""
    t_u = f
    t0 = stime
    t3 = etime
    t1 = t2 = (stime + etime) / 2
    w0 = w1 = w2 = w3 = w
    k0 = w0 * (t_u - t0)
    k1 = w1 * (t_u - t1)
    k2 = w2 * (t_u - t2)
    k3 = w3 * (t_u - t3)
    k4 = 3 * (k1 - k0)
    k5 = 3 * (k2 - 2 * k1 + k0)
    k6 = k3 - 3 * k2 + 3 * k1 -k0 

    return [[k6,3], [k5,2], [k4,1], [k0,0]]

def poly_differentiate(poly):
    """ Differentiate polynomial. """
    newlist = copy.deepcopy(poly)

    for term in newlist:
        term[0] *= term[1]
        term[1] -= 1

    return newlist

def poly_substitute(poly, x):
    """ Apply value to polynomial. """
    sum = 0.0 

    for term in poly:
        sum += term[0] * (x ** term[1])
    return sum

def Newton(poly):
    """ Returns a root of the polynomial"""
    poly_diff = poly_differentiate(poly) 
    counter = 0
    epsilon = 0.000000000001

    x = float(raw_input("Enter initial guess:"))

    while True:
        x_n = x - (float(poly_substitute(poly, x)) / poly_substitute(poly_diff, x))
        counter += 1
        if abs(x_n - x) < epsilon :
            break
        x = x_n
    print "Number of iterations:", counter
    print "The actual root is:", x_n
    return x_n

if __name__ == "__main__" :
    time()
Enter initial guess:0.5
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "newton.py", line 79, in <module>
    time()
  File "newton.py", line 18, in time
    Newton(poly) 
  File "newton.py", line 67, in Newton
    x_n = x - (float(poly_substitute(poly, x)) / poly_substitute(poly_diff, x))
ZeroDivisionError: float division

Tags: theinforreturntimedefk1newton
3条回答

我已经复制了你的代码并试着调试了一下。

一般来说,这是因为代码返回一个零值,然后在除法时尝试使用它。

如果仔细检查代码,您会发现以下循环:

for i, start_time in enumerate(tlist) :
        end_time = tlist[i]

将在第一次迭代中为您提供开始时间==0.0和结束时间==0.0。

这将引出以下行:

poly = poly_coeff(start_time, end_time, frame)

要归还您:

>>> [[0.0, 3], [0.0, 2], [0.0, 1], [0.2, 0]]

这是因为:

poly_substitute(poly_diff, x)

使用以下循环的位置:

for term in poly:
    sum += term[0] * (x ** term[1])

因为你只乘以零。

因此,您正尝试在0上删除,并得到一个提到的异常。

这意味着,如果您将修改代码以安全检查并将endTime设置为tList[i+1],您将消除此错误-不要忘记检查'i+1

这里有一个基本的bug:

for i, start_time in enumerate(tlist):
    end_time = tlist[i]

由于enumerate的性质,start_timeend_time具有相同的值。这意味着poly_coeff每次都会返回[[0,3], [0,2], [0,1], [0,0]]。当这个结果(通过Newton)传递到poly_differentiate时,结果将是[[0,2], [0,1], [0,0], [0,-1]]

传递到poly_substitute中的这个结果将产生一个零和,因为在对所有列表项求和之前,将它们乘以term[0](恰好为零)。然后,你除以零。

解决方案(根据您的评论编辑)

使用正确的start_timeend_time值。看起来你想要end_time = tlist[i+1]。边缘条件是在不计算最终列表项的情况下爆发。你真正想要的是:

for i, start_time in enumerate(tlist[:-1]):
    end_time = tlist[i+1]

一见钟情

 poly_substitue(poly_diff,x) 

对于特殊的x,似乎为零。请在每次更新之前打印x来跟踪迭代。

但我认为异常是由代码中的错误引起的:当X=0时,由于多项式中的绝对系数C*X^0被区分为0*X^-1,则poly_substitute会引发ZeroDivisionException

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